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Southeastern Nervous
Southeastern Institute A&P 8. Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System | Consists of Brain & Spinal Cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | Nervous system located outside of the central nervous system |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Automatically controls systems in our body |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | Keeps our body in homeostasis and brings us back into homeostasis after we are done using the sympathetic nervous system |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | Fight or Flight, the system that takes over when we are threatened |
| Neuroglia | Connective tissue, Supports, nourishes, protects, insulates and organizes neurons |
| Astrocytes | Structural support, found in blood brain barrier |
| Ependymocytes | Assist circulating CSF (using cell’s cilia) |
| Microglia | Destroy pathogens & remove dead neural tissue (phagocytosis) |
| Oligodendrocytes | Make myelin sheath around CNS axons |
| Satellite cells | PNS structural support |
| Schwann cells | Make myelin sheath around PNS axons |
| Neurons | Basic impulse conducting cell, Excitability, Conductability |
| Dendrites | Highly branched, receive & transmit stimuli towards cell body |
| Cell body | Cyton, Nucleus, ribosomes & other organelles |
| Axon | Carry nerve impulse away from cell body |
| Myelin sheath | White matter, Insulates neuron, Can speed up impulses |
| Nodes of Ranvier | Gaps between Schwann cells on myelinated axon |
| Tolendria | Clusters of short filaments at distal end of axon |
| Synaptic Bulb | Small bud at end of axon terminal |
| Synaptic Vesicles | Saclike structures in synaptic bulb that make and store neurotransmitters |
| Sensory | Afferent, send impulses to CNS |
| Interneurons | Association, Connect sensory and motor nerves, In brain and spinal cord |
| Motor | Efferent, messages from CNS to activate or inhibit muscle or gland |
| Reflex Arc | Simplest function of the nervous system |
| Reflex | Instant, automatic response |
| Nerves | Bundles of neurons |
| Endoneurium | Connective tissue that surrounds neurons |
| Nerve fascicle | Bundle of neurons |
| Perineurium | Connective tissue that wraps around nerve fisciculi |
| Epineurium | Connective tissue that wraps around nerves |
| Nerve impulse | Action potential, Electrical fluctuation traveling along cell membrane |
| Polarization | Resting Potential, No electrical signal, 3 Na+ outside for every 2K+ inside, Positive charge outside & negative inside |
| Action Potential | Conducting nerve impulse |
| Depolarization | Na+ flood neuron |
| Reverse Polarization | Negative outside & positive inside |
| Repolarization | K+ outside, outside positive |
| Sodium-potassium pump | Resets & maintains resting potential, Refractory, Cannot receive impulse until everything is reset |
| Continuous conduction | Impulse conducted on unmyelinated axons |
| Saltatory conduction | Impulse conducted on myelinated axons |
| Synapse | Junction between 2 neurons or muscle, gland, etc. |
| Synaptic cleft | Indentation on plasma membrane where receptor sites are found |
| Plasma membrane | Cell membrane that has receptor sites for neurotransmitters |
| Synaptic Transmission | 1. impulse stops at axon terminal (bulbs) 2. released neurotransmitters cross synaptic cleft 3. neurotransmitters bind w/receptor sites on postsynaptic neuron, muscle or gland |
| Threshold | All-or-none response, strength & frequency of stimuli determine whether impulse is created |
| Summation | Repeated stimulus builds up to create an impulse |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers involved in nerve impulse transmission, Stored in presynaptic vesicles |
| Acetylcholine | Most common, muscle contraction |
| Catecholamine | Chemical family, excitation & inhibition on SNS |
| Epinephrine | Acts as hormone when secreted by adrenal medulla |
| Norepinephrine | Mediates physiological & metabolic responses |
| Dopamine | Emotions, motor control, attention & learning, depletion is found in Parkinson’s disease |
| Serotonin | Inhibitory, sensory perception, mood regulation and sleep |
| Histamine | Excitatory, emotions, body temperature and water balance |
| Enkephalins & Endorphins | Inhibitory, like opiates to block pain |
Created by:
cmcracken
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