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Southeastern Muscle
Southeastern Institute A&P 6. Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle System Physiology | External mobility, Internal mobility, Heat production, Posture Maintenance |
| Muscle fiber | Muscle cell |
| Fascicle | Bundle of muscle fibers |
| Muscle Organ | Bundle of muscle fascicle |
| Endomysium | Connective tissue that wraps muscle cells |
| Perimysium | Connective tissue that wraps fascicle |
| Epimysium | Connective tissue that wraps muscle organs |
| Myofilaments | protein strands in a muscle |
| Actin | Thin myofilaments |
| Myosin | Thick myofilaments |
| Myofibrils | Groups of thick & thin myofilaments |
| Tendon | Corded fascia that attaches muscle to bone |
| Aponeurosis | Broad flat tendon |
| Retinacula | Bandage like retaining bands that hold tendons in place |
| Sarcolemma | Muscle cell membrane |
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | Stores and releases calcium ions |
| Troponin & tropomyosin | Molecules that sit on actin to keep actin and myosin apart |
| Sarcomere | Smallest contractile unit of a muscle fiber |
| Z lines | Ends of the sarcomere |
| Sliding Filament Theory | Theory of how filaments within a sarcomere slide past each other in order to change muscle length |
| Excitability | Ability of a muscle to respond to stimulus |
| Contractility | Ability of a muscle to shorten |
| Extensibility | Ability of muscle fibers to lengthen |
| Elasticity | Ability of muscle fibers to return to their original shape after movement |
| Motor Unit | Motor neuron and all muscle fibers that it attaches to |
| Motor end plate | Where neurons connect to folded sections of sarcolemma |
| Acetylcholine | ACH, main neurotransmitter used in muscle contraction |
| All or none response | When a muscle fiber is sufficiently stimulated it will contract to its fullest extent or not at all |
| Recruitment | Motor unit activation based on need |
| Adenosine triphosphate | ATp, Energy used for a muscle contraction |
| Aerobic respiration | Use of oxygen to make energy |
| Anaerobic respiration | Makes energy without use of oxygen |
| Lactid acid | End product of anaerobic glycosis |
| Smooth Muscle Cells | Spindle shape, Moves organs |
| Skeletal Muscle Cells | Cylindrical shaped, Voluntary, Moves bones |
| Cardiac Muscle | Y or H shaped, Intercalated disks, Moves the heart |
| Belly | Wide central portion of a muscle |
| Origin | Muscle attachment on less moveable bone |
| Insertion | Muscle attachment on moveable bone |
| Agonist | Prime mover for an action |
| Antagonist | Opposing muscle to an action |
| Synergist | Helper muscle to an agonist |
| Reciprical Inhibition | When an agonist contracts, the nervous system sends a message for the antagonist to relax |
| Slow Twitch | Red muscle, Fatigue resistant, Long distance runner |
| Fast Twitch | White Muscle, Fatigues quickly, Power lifter |
| Intermediate | Pink muscle, Combination, Sprinter |
| Proprioceptors | Sensory receptors in muscles |
| Muscle spindle | In muscle belly, Detect sudden ballistic stretches |
| Golgi Tendon Organs | Detect long slow stretch |
| Isotonic Contraction | Same tension,Muscle length changes |
| Concentric | Most common isotonic contraction, Shortening |
| Eccentric | Lengthening muscle contraction |
| Isometric Contraction | Same length, Muscle tension changes |
| Uniarticular | Muscle crossing one joint |
| Biarticular | Muscle crossing two joints |
| Multiarticular | Muscle crossing more than two joints |
Created by:
cmcracken
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