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Southeastern Skeleta
Southeastern Institute A&P 5. Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skeletal System Physiology | Supports systems through framework. Protects organs. Movement through leverage. Hemopoiesis. Stores fat for later use. Stores minerals for later use |
| Long | Bones that are longer than wide |
| Short | Bones that are usually small and cuboidal |
| Flat | Bones that have a broad flat surface |
| Irregular | Bones that fall into a catch all category for bone shapes that don’t fit in another category |
| Sesamoid | Bones that are embedded in tendons |
| Diaphysis | Shaft of a long bone |
| Medullary Cavity | Center of diaphysis |
| Haversian Canals | Longitudinal pathway through bone |
| Volkman’s Canals | Horizontal pathway through bone |
| Periosteum | Sheath that surround the diaphysis |
| Interosseous Ligament | Membrane found between specific bones (i.e. ulna & radius or tibia & fibula) |
| Epiphyses | Ends of a long bone |
| Epiphyseal Plate | Growth plate between the epiphyses & diaphysis |
| Epiphyseal Line | Replaces the epiphyseal plate when bone growth is complete |
| Articular Cartilage | Hyaline cartilage at the ends of long bones that create a buffer between the bones |
| Osteoblasts | Bone forming cells |
| Osteoclasts | Cells that break down bone |
| Osteocyte | Mature osteoblast |
| Spongy Bone | Lattice-like network in the center of a long bone which is filled with red and yellow marrow |
| Compact Bone | Outer portion of bone that is dense for strength |
| Ossification | Bone development |
| Exercise | Stresses the skeletal system. Moves blood calcium into bones. Osteoblasts are stimulated. Makes stronger bones |
| Osteoclasts break down the minerals | And move the minerals into the blood |
| Osteoblasts replace bone lost | Due to metabolism |
| Aging | Decrease of hormone levels slow down the rate at which osteoblasts rebuild bone. Can result in loss of bone mass. |
| Axial Skeleton | Skull, vertebrae, sternum & ribs |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Extremities and how they attach to the axial skeleton |
| Synarthoses | Joints with little to no movement and found in skull sutures & tooth joints |
| Amphiarthroses | Slightly moveable joints and found in pubic symphysis & intervertebral joints |
| Diarthroses | Freely moving joints |
| Bursae | Collapsed sac-like structures that provide additional synovial fluid to protect muscle tendons |
| Flexion | Decrease of an angle of a joint |
| Extension | Straighten or increase the angle of a joint |
| Abduction | Movement away from median plane |
| Adduction | Movement towards median plane |
| Supination | Lateral (outward) rotation of forearm |
| Pronation | Medial ( inward) rotation of forearm |
| Plantar Flexion | Movement of the ankle making the toes point down |
| Dorsiflexion | Movement of the ankle making the toes point toward the shin |
| Inversion | Medial edge of foot is elevated so that the soles of the feet face each other |
| Eversion | Lateral edge of foot is elevated so that the soles of the feet are turned away from each other |
| Circumduction | Distal end moves in a circle while the proximal end stays relatively fixed |
| Rotation | Bone moves around its own central axis |
| Elevation | Raising or lifting a body part |
| Depression | Lowering or dropping a body part |
| Protraction | Movement forward or anteriorly |
| Retraction | Movement backward or posteriorly |
| Pelvic Tilt | Anterior or posterior tilting of the entire pelvis |
| Pelvic Rotation | One side of pelvis is further forward than the other |
| Hinge | Limited to flexion and extension |
| Pivot & Screw | Limited to rotation |
| Saddle Joint | Carpometacarpal of the thumb for its varied movements |
| Ellipsoidal Joint | Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction |
| Ball & Socket Joint | Permit all movements |
| Gliding | All movements but are limited to gliding |
Created by:
cmcracken
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