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Ch 6 terms
Skeletal Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| appendicular skeleton | all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton |
| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber |
| articulation | where two bone surfaces meet |
| axial skeleton | central, vertical axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage |
| bone | hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton |
| canaliculi | (singular = canaliculus) channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte’s many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients |
| cartilage | semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement |
| central canal | longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal |
| compact bone | dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces |
| endosteum | delicate membranous lining of a bone’s medullary cavity |
| flat bone | thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs |
| fracture | broken bone |
| hematopoiesis | production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones |
| hypercalcemia | condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium |
| hypocalcemia | condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium |
| irregular bone | bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces |
| joint | site at which two or more bones or bone and cartilage come together (articulate) |
| lacunae | (singular = lacuna) spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte |
| long bone | cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever |
| medullary cavity | hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow |
| orthopedist | doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders and injuries |
| osseous tissue | bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton |
| ossification | (also, osteogenesis) bone formation |
| osteoblast | cell responsible for forming new bone |
| osteoclast | cell responsible for resorbing bone |
| osteocyte | primary cell in mature bone; responsible for maintaining the matrix |
| osteogenic cell | undifferentiated cell with high mitotic activity; the only bone cells that divide; they differentiate and develop into osteoblasts |
| osteon | (also, Haversian system) basic structural unit of compact bone; made of concentric layers of calcified matrix |
| perforating canal | (also, Volkmann’s canal) channel that branches off from the central canal and houses vessels and nerves that extend to the periosteum and endosteum |
| perichondrium | membrane that covers cartilage |
| periosteum | fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone and continuous with ligaments |
| red marrow | connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where hematopoiesis takes place |
| sesamoid bone | small, round bone embedded in a tendon; protects the tendon from compressive forces |
| short bone | cube-shaped bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness; provides limited motion |
| skeletal system | organ system composed of bones and cartilage that provides for movement, support, and protection |
| spongy bone | (also, cancellous bone) trabeculated osseous tissue that supports shifts in weight distribution |
| trabeculae | (singular = trabecula) spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone |
| yellow marrow | connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where fat is stored |
Created by:
Btownsley85
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