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History SOL 3
Age of Enlightenment & the Industrial Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is centralized power/govt.? | a govt. in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local govt.s are subject |
| What is divine right? | the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God. |
| Who was Louis XIV, what was his palace called, and what was his "nickname"? | King of France; Versailles; Sun King |
| Who was Fredrick the Great, when did he rule, and why was he so "great"? | Ruler of Prussia; military |
| Who was Peter the Great, when did he rule, and what did he do? | Leader of Russia; 1689; controlled nobles (beard tax), westernization, built winter palace at St. Petersburg |
| What King was executed during the English Civil war, and who took over for him? | Charles I; Oliver Cromwell |
| Who ruled next, and why? | Charles II; English people were sick of military rule |
| Then who took power? Why didn't the people like him? | James I; tried to restore Catholicism |
| What was the glorious revolution? | The bloodless overthrow of English king James II and his replacement by William and Mary |
| What is a constitutional monarchy? | a system of governing in which the ruler's power is limited by law. |
| What were four important points in the English Bill of Rights? | 1. No suspending of Parliament's laws 2. No levying of taxes without a specific grant from Parliament 3. No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament 4. No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances |
| What were four important points in the Petition of Right? | The king/ruler cannot: 1. imprison subjects without due cause 2. levy taxes without Parliament's consent 3. house soldiers in private homes 4. impose martial law in peacetime |
| Who were the Whigs? | People who did not support King James I |
| Who were the Tories? | People who supported King James I |
| Who was Hobbes and what did he believe? | Enlightenment thinker; believed that state has central authority to manage behavior |
| What did Locke believe? | people are sovereign; monarchs are not chosen by God |
| What did Montesquieu believe? | Separation of power (checks & balances) |
| What did Voltaire believe? | Separation of church and state; religious toleration |
| What did Rousseau believe? | Govt. is a contract between rulers and people |
| What influence did the Enlightenment have on the world? (3 things) | 1. Fueled revolution in America and France 2. Jefferson's Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas 3. Constitution and Bill of Rights used these ideas as well |
| When did the French Revolution occur? | 1789 |
| What were causes of the French Revolution? | 1. American Revolution 2. Enlightenment 3. Third Estate representatives locked out of Assembly; French people unhappy |
| What happened on Bastille Day? | A mob searching 4 gunpowder & arms stormed the Bastille, a Paris prison. The mob seized control of the building. The angry attackers hacked the prison commander & several guards to death, & then paraded around the streets w/ the dead men's heads on pikes |
| Who was Maximilien Robespierre? | Jacobin leader during the "reign of terror" |
| What was the reign of terror? | the period, from mid-1793 to mid-1794, when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed |
| What were 2 outcomes of the French revolution? | 1. End of absolute monarch, Louis XVI beheaded 2. Rise of Napoleon |
| Who was Napoleon and what did he do? | French leader after revolution; ruled from 1799-1815, unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe, Napoleonic code, growth of Nationalism |
| What were some other revolutions that occurred during this time period, and who were their leaders? | Independence for French, Spanish, & Portuguese colonies; Haiti (Toussaint L'Ouverture); South America (Simon Bolivar) |
| What was accomplished at the Congress of Vienna in 1815? (4 things) | 1. Balance of power 2. Restoration of monarchies 3. Liberalism/Conservationalism 4. New map of Europe |
| Who were Johann Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart? | composers, popular in enlightenment era |
| Who was Eugene Delacroix? | painter, popular in enlightenment era |
| What philosopher was popular in the enlightenment era? | Voltaire |
| What author/book was popular in the enlightenment era? | Miguel de Cervantes- Don Quixote |
| What were some fundamentals of enlightenment arts? (4 things) | 1. Classical subjects 2. Natural scenes 3. Portraits 4. Public events |
Created by:
ckelahan
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