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special senses revie
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Conjunctiva | clear membrane that lines the anterior eyeball and eyelids |
| Sclera | white part of the eye that maintains the eye shape and protects the inner tissues |
| Choroid | transparent layer over the iris & pupil |
| Iris | colored muscular layer that surrounds the pupil |
| Pupil | black circular opening that allows light |
| Lens | a clear, curved, flexible structure that focuses on the retina |
| Ciliary Body | muscles and ligaments that adjust the eye shape for focusing on objects |
| Aqueous Humor | anterior chamber fluid that gives the eyeball shape & provides nutrients to lens and cornea |
| Vitreous Humor | clear gel-like fluid in posterior chamber of the eyeball that keeps retina in place |
| Fovea Centralis | area of sharpest visual acuity |
| Lacrimal glands | secrete tears |
| Ciliary glands | tiny sweat glands that secrete a protective lubricant onto the eyeball |
| Lacrimal canaliculi | ducts on the inner corner of the eyes that collect tears and drain them |
| Lacrimal sac | (tear sac) stores tears before they are drained by the lacrimal duct |
| Lacrimal duct | passageway that drains tears into the nose |
| Retina | thin layer of tissue in posterior eye that converts light to neural signals as vision |
| Photoreceptors | light sensitive cells that receive images and convert them to nerve impulses |
| Rods | allow us to see in dim vision (black & white receptors) |
| Cones | color receptors |
| Macula | area with large amount of cones for high acuity vision |
| Optic Nerve | (2nd cranial nerve) transports impulses from retina to brain |
| Optic disk | blind spot |
| Outer (External) | hearing, transmits sound to middle ear |
| Middle (Tympanic Cavity) | hearing |
| Inner (Internal) | hearing and equilibrium |
| Auricle (Pinna) | shell-shaped structure of outer ear |
| Auditory Canal (External acoustic meatus) | canal that leads to tympanic membrane |
| Cerumen | earwax |
| Ceruminous gland | helps produce earwax |
| Tympanic membrane | (eardrum)transmits sound via waves of vibration |
| 3 small bones | Malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil), Stapes (stirrup) |
| Eustachian Tubes(auditory tube) | that equalizes pressure |
| Labrinth | contains structures that control balance |
| Coclea | snail like structure that contains fluids that carry sound vibrations |
| Organ of Corti | converts sound waves into neural impulses |
| Vestibule | connects the cochlea to semicircular canals |
| Semicircular Canals | transmits info about the body’s balance and position of the head to the brain |
| Oval Window | connects middle ear to inner ear |
| Round Window | opening in middle ear that leads to the cochlea |
| Vestibulocochlear Nerve | transmitting balance and hearing related nerve impulses to the brain |
| Olfactory Nerve | first cranial nerve |
| Olfactory Receptor Cells | react to odors |
| Olfactory Bulb | info about odors are processed |
| What type of tissue makes up the tongue? | stratified squamous epithelium |
| What does the term stratified mean? | arranged into layers |
| What does the term squamous mean? | covered with or consisting of scales |
| What does the term mastication mean? | chewing |
| What does the term deglutition mean? | swallowing |
| Papillae | raised areas that contain taste buds |
| Taste buds | tiny areas that distinguish different tastes |
| Gustatory Sense | sense of taste |
| Touch receptors | epidermis |
| Pressure receptors | deeper in dermis |
| Pain receptors | located beneath epidermis near hair follicles |
| Amblyopia | impaired vision in eye(s) resulting from development deficiency(lazy eye) |
| Cataract | clouding of the lens that results in decreased visual acuity |
| Glaucoma | intraocular pressure causes damage to retina & optical nerve, causing blindness |
| Hordeolum | purulent inflammation of an eyelid gland; known as a sty |
| Nystagmus | repetitive, involuntary movements of eye(s) that results in limited visual acuity |
| Astigmatism | abnormal curvature of the cornea |
| Hyperopia | farsightedness (up close images appear blurry) |
| Myopia | (nearsightedness) distant images appear blurry |
| Presbyopia | farsightedness caused by decreased elasticity in the lens from aging |
| strabismus | misalignment of the eyes(cross-eyed) |
| Conductive deafness | inadequate sound-wave conduction |
| Nerve deafness | results from damage to cochlea or auditory nerve (sensorineural hearing loss) |
| Impacted Cerumen | heavy accumulation of earwax that could lead to infection or hearing loss |
| Meniere’s Disease | inner ear disturbance causing dizziness and spinning (vertigo) |
| Tinnitus | ringing in the ears |
| ageusia | absence of the sense of taste |
| anosmia | absence of the sense of small |
| Ishihara Color Vision Test | detects color blindness |
| Visual Acuity Test | uses a Snellen chart to detect myopia and hyperopia |
| Visual Field Test | measurement of what can be seen in a certain area when eyes are looking straight ahead without moving head |
| Audiometry | testing to measure the ability to hear different sounds (process of measuring hearing) |
| LASIK | (laser in situ keratotomy) uses UV laser to correct refractive conditions |
| Enucleation | surgical removal of eyeball |
| Phacoemulsification | lens is broken up with ultrasonic vibrations then suctioned out (usually due to cataracts and to prepare for an artificial lens) |
| Precision Nerve Exams | tests for 5 different responses to evaluate the nervous system for a disorder |
| Extinction | touch of different areas and the patient has to identify sites with eyes closed. |
| Graphesthesia | pt must identify letter/number written on hand (eyes closed) |
| Pain & light-touch sensation | identifying sharp or dull objects placed upon skin while eyes closed lying supine |
| Position sense | identify if big toe moved up or down |
| Stereognosis | pt has to identify objects placed in hand with eyes closed. |
Created by:
rr3ynolds
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