Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NURS 319: Disorders
Chapter 11: Immune System Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| immunocompetence | having the ability to produce a normal immune response |
| immunosuppression | suppression of the body's immune system and its ability to fight infections and other diseases |
| opportunistic infection | infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems than in people with healthy immune systems |
| hypersensitivity | extreme physical sensitivity to particular substances or conditions |
| autoimmunity | body's immune system mistakes its own healthy tissues as foreign and attacks them |
| what is an antigen? | "non-self" substances, target of immune response |
| describe innate immunity | provides immediate and non-specific binding (defense) |
| role of macrophages | arise from WBCs, fight against pathogen by migrating to tissues, releasing cytokines, presenting antigens |
| role of cytokines | small protein, act like messenger cells, regulate/ coordinate immune system and hematopoiesis |
| role of NK cells | granular lymphocytes, destroy tumor cells, and virus-infected cells |
| describe adaptive immunity | acquired specific immunity |
| what are major histocompatibility complexes (MHC)? | class I: antigen presents to cytotoxic T cells class II: binds to nonself cell to present (cytotoxic T cell kills both) |
| what are the main cells in adaptive immunity? | B and T cells T: cell-mediated immunity B: antibody-mediated immunity |
| What is the role of the helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells? | helper T cells: send signals that direct other immune cells to fight infection cytotoxic T cells: destroy infected cells |
| what are antigen presenting cells (APCs) and their purpose? | macrophages and dendritic cells present antigen to activate t cells |
| Describe cell-mediated immunity process | more aggressive, attacks abnormal cells does not involve antibodies activation of phagocytes, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes release of cytokines |
| describe the antibody-mediated immunity process | help from helper T cells b cells to plasma B cells plasma B cells produce antibodies against specific antigen |
| what are immunoglobulins and what are their function | produced by B cells, bind to specific antigens |
| IgD | hypersensitivity reactions 1% of immunoglobulins |
| IgM | first antibody in primary response |
| IgG | most prominent immunoglobulin; memory cell response |
| IgA | found in secretions; doesn't last forever |
| IgE | very low concentrations in the blood; elevates during allergic reactions |
| what is the difference between active acquired and passive acquired immunity | active: illness or vaccination exposure; provides immunity, immune system activated, memory cells produced passive: receiving preformed antibodies, short term immediate immunity |
| what is the purpose of vaccines | provide exposure of disease so body will build antibodies and memory cells to weakened version; when exposed next, immune system can fight it off |
| what are examples of vaccines | COVID-19 vaccine flu vaccine |
| what is a booster and a toxoid | booster: an extra dose of immunizing agent to maintain/ restore effects of previously established immunity toxoid: altered form of toxins whose toxicity is weakened (immunogenicity maintained) |
| what are different ways to check antigens and antibodies in a patient | blood test (vein or finger prick) |
| the antibody measured in both allergy testing and serology testing is | IgE |
| difference between overreaction and underreaction of the immune system | overreaction: hypersensitivity (autoimmune disorders) underreaction: immunodeficiency (side effect of chemotherapy) |
| type 1: immediate hypersensitivity | allergy symptoms, local or systemic |
| type 2: cytotoxic hypersensitivity | blood transfusion reaction |
| type 3: immune complex hypersensitivity | systemic (lupus) localized (rheumatoid arthritis) |
| type 4: delayed hypersensitivity | poison ivy transplant rejection |
| immune reactions where the body attacks its own cells | autoimmune disorders |
| autoimmune disorders are when | T cells and immunoglobulin cannot distinguish between self and nonself |
| Molecular mimicry | the body develops antibodies against its own tissues |
| What is the process of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? What type of hypersensitivity reaction is SLE? | chronic disease where antibody complexes deposit in tissues type 3 immune complex hypersensitivity |
| common symptoms of SLE | skin rash, joint inflammation, kidney damage, fever, vasculitis, Raynaud's phenomenon |
Created by:
lcorlew1
Popular Pathology sets