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A&P Exam 1
Ch. 1-3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is Anatomy | " What it is" (The study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another) |
| What is physiology | "What it does" (The study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities) |
| Cytology | The microscopic study of cells |
| Histology | The microscopic study of tissues |
| Gross Anatomy | The study of large, visible structures |
| Systemic anatomy | Looks at just one system of the body (A type of gross anatomy) |
| Regional anatomy | Looks at all structures in a particular area/region of the body |
| What properties are common to all organisms | Organization, metabolism, growth, responsiveness, regulation, reproduction |
| Levels of Organization | Atom-> molecule-> organelles-> cells-> tissues-> organ-> organ system-> organism |
| what does the digestive system do | absorb, digest, excrete |
| What organs are apart of the digestive system | gallbladder, pancreas |
| what does the nervous system do | Control center, communication, maintains homeostasis |
| What organs are apart of the nervous system | Brain, spine, nerves |
| what does the respiratory system do | Gas exchange |
| What organs are apart of the respiratory system | lungs |
| what does the reproductive system do | reproduce |
| What organs are apart of the reproductive system | testes and ovaries |
| what does the lymphatic/immune system do | prevent infection |
| What organs are apart of the lymphatic/immune system | spleen |
| what does the cardiovascular system do | transportation of oxygen and nutrient |
| What organs are apart of the cardiovascular system | Heart |
| what does the endocrine system do | Maintains homeostasis |
| What organs are apart of the endocrine system | hormones |
| what does the urinary system do | regulates water and electrolytes in blood |
| What organs are apart of the urinary system | kidney, ureter, bladder |
| what does the skeletal system do | protects the organs and produces blood |
| What organs are apart of the skeletal system | bones |
| what does the muscular system do | movement |
| What organs are apart of the muscular system | muscles |
| what does the integumentary system do | protects the body |
| What organs are apart of the integummentary system | skin |
| What two systems are considered to be apart of the "regulatory system" | nervous and endocrine systems |
| What is anatomical position | standing up, palms forward, feet flat and together, |
| Coronal cut | divides body into front and back |
| Transverse cut | divides body into top and bottom |
| Sagittal cut | divides into left and right |
| Oblique cut | an angled cut |
| What is anterior | the front (ventral) |
| What is posterior | the back (dorsal) |
| What is dorsal | towards the back (posterior) |
| What is ventral | towards the front (anterior) |
| What is proximal | towards the point of attachment |
| What is distal | further from the point of attachment |
| what is superior | Towards the top |
| Inferior | towards the bottom |
| Medial | towards the midline |
| Lateral | further from midline |
| Superficial | towards the surface |
| Deep | further from the surface |
| What organs are in the cranial cavity | Brain, meninges, ceerbrospinal fluid |
| What organs are in the vertebral/spinal cavity | Spinal cord, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid |
| What organs are in the thoracic cavity | Hearts, lungs, esophagus, trachea, thymus |
| What organs are in the abdominopelvic cavity | Stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, small and large intestines, urinary bladder, reproductive organs |
| What region of the stomach is the bladder in | The hypogastric region (bottom middle) |
| What does visceral mean pertaining to serous membranes | On the area |
| What does parietal mean pertaining to serous membranes | Surrounding the area |
| Serous membrane on the heart called | Visceral pericardium |
| What is serous membrane around the abdominopelvic cavity | Parietal peritoneum |
| What is serous membrane around the lungs called | Parietal pleurae |
| What organs are in the RLQ | appendix, small intestines |
| What quadrant is the colon in | LLQ |
| What organs are in the LUQ | stomach, spleen, large intestines |
| What organs are in the RUQ | liver, gallbladder |
| What is an example of negative feedback in the body | Sweating, shivering, etc. |
| What are examples of positive feedback in the body | Labor, breastfeeding, blood clotting |
| What does synthesis mean | to build up |
| What does lysis mean | to breakdown |
| What is high heat vaporization | Its the cooling mechanism (sweating) |
| What are the major elements in the body | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| What is a nonpolar covalent bond | equal sharing of electrons in electrically balanced nonpolar molecules like CO2 (hydrophobic) |
| What is a polar covalent bond | Where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms like H2O (hydrophilic) |
| What is an amphipathic molecule | A structure that has polar and nonpolar properties ex. Phospholipid (plasma membrane) |
| What are the functions of water | Lubrication, regulating body temp, protecting fluid, etc. |
| What is a base | A substance that can neutralize acids by releasing hydroxyl (OH-) ions |
| What is a buffer | A substances that helps the solution maintain a stable pH |
| When does neutralization occur | When a strong acid and a strong base react w each other |
| What are nucleic acids composed of | A nitrogen base, a pentose, and a phosphate group |
| What is the monomer of a protein | amino acids and the covalent bond is called a peptide bond |
| What is the monomer of a lipid | doesn't have one |
| What is the monomer of a nucleic acid | nucleotides and the covalent bond is called phosphodiester bond |
| What is the monomer of a carb | glucose and the covalent bond is called a glycosidic bond |
| What is a glycosidic bond | A special bond found in carbs |
| What are the types of monosaccharides | pentose and hexose sugars |
| What are the types of disaccharides | sucrose, maltose, galactose |
| What are the types of polysaccharides | starch, and glycogen |
| What are lipids mostly made of | cholesterol |
| What is one example of an enzyme | lactase (breaks lactose into two monosaccharide components) |
| What is denaturation | proteins unfold and lose functional shape |
| What are the causes of denaturing | decrease in pH or increase in temp |
| What is a substrate and active site | substrate is the key and active site is the lock |
| What is DNA replication | DNA to DNA |
| What is transcription | DNA to RNA |
| What is translation | RNA to protein |
| What is the structure of a plasma membrane | Bilayer of phospholipids, that is semipermeable |
| What is the keyword for cholesterol if its in a question | Stability |
| What are the different types of membrane proteins | Peripheral and integral proteins |
| What do peripheral proteins do | They attach to the integral proteins, function as enzymes, and intracellular signaling |
| What do integral proteins do | they're firmly inserted in the cell membrane, function as transport proteins, enzymes, or receptors |
| What are the different types of passive processes | Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis |
| What is the difference between facilitated and simple diffusion | simple diffusion does not require a protein while facilitated requires a protein |
| Within facilitated diffusion what are the different types | Channel and carrier mediated |
| What is channel mediated diffusion | substances move through water-filled channels to diffuse |
| What is carrier mediated diffusion | substances bind to protein carriers to diffuse |
| What are aquaporins | water channels |
| what does the Sodium-Potassium pump do | It pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions into the cell |
| What is phagocytosis | Cell eating |
| What is pinocytosis | Cell drinking |
| What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum do | Stores calcium, no ribosomes present |
| What does rough endoplasmic reticulum do | Deals w protein synthesis , ribosomes present (Rough=Ribosomes) |
| What does Golgi Apparatus do | key word= packages; |
Created by:
cobi123
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