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Anatomy

midterm weeks 1-6

Question	Answer
The gluteal region is _________ to the popliteal region?	superior
The _________ system is involved in immunity	Lymphatic
The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a spinal cavity.	True
The brain is ________ to the skull	Deep
The space that encloses the brain and spinal cord form one continuous cavity called the ________ cavity	dorsal
Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages	developmental anatomy
which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity	spinal cord
The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the _____ plane	coronal
Regarding directional terms, superior means	Toward the head
The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are	Axial and appendicular
Physiology is define as the study of the ______of a living organism	function
Anatomy is defined as the study of the ______ of a living organism	Structure
A coronal section through the human body can	pass through both ears
Which structure is located entirely within the righ upper quadrant	Gallbladder
The knee is _______ to the foot	Proximal
_______ refers to an inner region of a organ, whereas ______ refers to an outer region of an organ	medullary; cortical
A frontal plane is the same as a _______ plane	Coronal
The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are	axial and appendicular
All of the following are characteristics of human life except	Synthesis by scientist answers- Growth, responsiveness, reproduction
An example of a tissue in the body is	epethelium
Muscles are ______ to the skin	deep
The chest is _____ to the abdomen	Superior
As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to	the infero-medial aspect of the back
The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the ______ cavities	Abdominal and pelvic
Another name for the midsagittal plane is	median
The inguinal region lies on the exrternal genitals	where the thigh joins the trunk
The sternal region is _______ to the scapular region	Anterior
Molecules are	atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates
An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called	tissue
The lungs are located in the ______	thoracic cavity
Which of the following does not describe anatomical postion	pinky is lateral to the thumb. Answer- headpointed forward, body standing erect
The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint?	umbilicus
A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is?	coronal
A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _______ region	Right hypochondriac
The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are?	cells
The plane that divides the body into uppe and lower parts is the ______ plane	Transverse
What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface	Superficial
The neck is ________ as compared to the righ shoulder	Medial
Blood production is a function of which system?	skeletal
From the smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are	chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
The structure that is called the "powerhouse" of the cell is the	mitochondria
Popliteal refers to the	area behind the knee
In anatomical position the wrist is ______ as compared to the elbow	inferior
A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions	right and left
When many similar cells speicalize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n)	tissue
Two major cavities of the body are	ventral/ dorsal
If your reference point is "farthest from the trunk of the body" versus, "nearest to the trunk of the body," where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle?	proximal
which of the following is not one of the characterization of life?	Balance answers- digestion, conductivity, circulation, and reproduction
The gallbladder lies in the	abdominal cavity
A frontal section divides the body into ____ Portions	front and back
The reproductive system includes all of the following except the	ureter answer- testes, ovaries, penis
Several kind of tissues working together are termed a(n)	organ
Aplane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called	sagittal
The mediastinum contains all of the following except	Right lung Answers- trachea, venae cavity, esophagus
The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the folowing except the	heart Answers- stomach, pancreas, reproductive organs
The brain is ___________ as compared to the skull	Deep
Mitochondria, golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of	organelles
Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water?	50%
An example of a catabolic process is:	hydrolysis.
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is:	two
An ionic bond is formed by:	a positive and a negative ion attracting each other.
The study of metabolism includes examination of	all of the above. options: catabolism, anabolism, ATP requirements.
When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share	electrons
A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution	alkaline (basic)
Acids	All of the above are true of acids options: are proton donors, taste sour, release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
The kind of element is determined by the number of	neutrons
Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called	bases
An example of an element would be	Ne
The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction?	Decomposition
Atomic mass is determined by the number of	protons and neutrons
The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell?	Four
The approximate pH of gastric fluid is:	2.
As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the:	solution becomes more acidic.
Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body?	Zinc
The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction.	synthesis
Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element?	Helium
AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction.	exchange
Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter?	microtubules
A major function of the cell membrane is to	control what enters and leaves the cell.
The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called	cytoplasm.
This organelle is characterized by folded membranes called cristae.	mitochondria
The outer boundary of a human cell is called the	plasma membrane.
This organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases.	lysosome
Which type of junction is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other?	gap junction
In the matrix of the plasma membrane, a variety of proteins are embedded. Some of these proteins serve as passageway for Na+ ions or glucose. These proteins are called	transport proteins.
Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element?	centriole other options: microtubule, intermediate filament, microfilament
Ribosomes are organelles that	float in the cytoplasm and attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.
A spherical membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of the cell and is often referred to as the “command center” of the cell is the	nucleus.
This membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell.	rough endoplasmic reticulum
Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged	as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads
Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a membrane system known as the	rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the	mitochondrion
Cisternae of this organelle are continuous with the nuclear envelope	rough endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle primarily modifies products from the rough ER, and it resembles a stack of hollow saucers, one cupped inside the next	Golgi apparatus
Often referred to as the “power plant” of the cell, which organelle is the site of ATP production?	mitochondrion
This membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes.	peroxisome
Which of the following is a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body?	microvilli
The plasma membrane is composed of all of the following except	tubulin protein.
This organelle is numerous in liver and kidney cells.	peroxisome
Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell?	centrosome
This organelle has both a cis and a trans face.	Golgi apparatus
Which of the following statements about integral proteins in the plasma membrane is false?	They are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids
A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read:	microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.
Which of the following is not true about ribosomes?	Surrounded by a membrane structure options: Contain protein, Composed of a large unit and a small unit, Contain RNA
The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the:	lysosome.
The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the:	phospholipid bilayer.
Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted?	Golgi apparatus
The nucleus is the only structure in the cell that contains DNA.	False
ATP production occurs within which organelle?	Mitochondrion
How do vesicles move from place to place in an organized way within the cell?	Molecular motors pull them along the microtubules and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton
Granules or threads within the nucleus are called:	chromatin.
The fundamental organizational unit of life is the:	cell
Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?	Provides a site for ribosome attachment
The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center.	centrosome
A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the:	flagellum
The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the	glycoprotein molecules
Main cell structures include all of the following except	interstitial fluid
The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the	peroxisomes
Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called	caveolae
Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called	cilia
In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule	faces the exterior of the cell, faces the interior of the cell
The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a	Female ovum.
Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell?	Proteasomes
Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome?	All of the above are structures or functions of proteasomes.
The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily?	Cholesterol
Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by	desmosomes
Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins?	All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins
Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?”	Microfilament
The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae?	Mitochondrion
Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle?	Ribosome
Lysosomes perform autophagy. This means that they:	break down proteins and cytoplasm that are not needed by “self eating.”
DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle?	Nucleus
Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules?	simple cuboidal epithelium
The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is	connective.
Which of the following contains osteocytes?	bone
The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called	keratin.
The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called	extracellular matrix.
The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer.	reticulum
The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes.	synovial
Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the	lanugo.
Besides water, extracellular matrix contains	proteins and proteoglycans.
The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is	fibrocartilage.
Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?	cardiac
Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities?	epithelial
The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis.	dermoepidermal
The two major categories of body membranes are	epithelial and connective.
The basic determinant of skin color is	melanin
Which of the following contains intercalated disks?	cardiac muscle
The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and	epidermis.
Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant?	collagen
The External Ear is composed of	elastic cartilage
Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?	stratum corneum other options: stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinsosum
Which of the following tissues lack a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly?	cartilage other options: bone, muscle, adipose
The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the	cerumen
Adipose tissue is	a storage tissue
Which of the following is not a primary germ layer?	epiderm
Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the	epidermis
Mesoderm interacts with endoderm and ectoderm to give rise to	all of the above options:the heart, skeletal muscles, mesenchyme
The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the	neuron
Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a	matrix
A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called	mucus
The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the	basement membrane
The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the	patella
The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the	diaphysis
Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?	femur
The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the	periosteum.
Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs?	Floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum
Where would you find a tarsal bone?	foot
The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the	lacrimal
The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the	mandible.
Where are the smallest bones in the body located?	Ears
Spongy bone is characterized by	open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures.
Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton?	vertebra
_____ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage.	Collagenous
If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a	female.
Which bone is located on the posterior aspect of the skull.	occipital
The two bones that form the framework for the forearm are the	radius and ulna
Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle?	clavicle and scapula
The extracellular components of bone matrix are	hard and calcified.
Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist?	carpals
Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones	thumb
Which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally?	fibula
Fibrocartilage can be found in the	symphysis pubis
The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the	sternum
Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called	osteons.
Which of the following bones form the framework of the hand?	metacarpals
The human skeleton system consists of two divisions. They are	axial and appendicular.
Which of the following is(are) not in the appendicular skeleton?	vertebrae
Which of the following is not a bone in the leg?	mandible
What structures firmly hold the foot bones firmly in their arched position?	ligaments and tendons
Which of the following is not a type of bone?	regular options: flat, irregular, short, long
Cartilage is classified as _____ tissue.	connective
Muscles may be named according to:	all of the above. options:function, direction of fibers, points of attachment
Movement is one of the most distinctive and easily observed “characteristics of life.”	True
Which of the following statements is incorrect?	All of the above are correct options: The origin of the muscle is attached to the bone that does not move, The insertion of the muscle is attached to the bone that moves, When the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin.
The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which of the following is true?	The knee is acting as a fulcrum.
Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture?	All of the above options: Digestive, Endocrine, Excretory
Which of the following statements about the muscles of the head is incorrect?	The splenius capitis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow. options: They are paired muscles, They have different actions depending on whether one or both parts of the pair contract.
The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the	latissimus dorsi
When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the	posterior thigh
The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the:	opponens pollicis
Poor posture puts abnormal strain on bones and may eventually produce deformities	True
The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.	convergent
Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group?	Biceps femoris
The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name?	Rectus, Femoris
The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the:	anterior medial surface of the forearm
The prime mover can also be called the:	agonist.
The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the:	triceps brachii.
Just as individual bones are the organs of the skeletal system, individual muscles are the organs of the muscular system.	True
Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle.	circular
Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot?	Sartorius
Which of the following muscles does not move the upper arm?	Trapezius
Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight.	50%
The muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the:	brachioradialis.
Muscles that move the upper arm originate on the:	clavicle and scapula
In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized?	Biceps brachii
Most muscles span a joint.	True
The linea alba is a band of connective tissue that runs over the rectus abdominis from the xiphoid process to the pubis.	True
Which of the following is not a group of pennate muscles?	Tripennate
A muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the	prime mover
Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the:	perimysium
An example of a muscle with this type of fascicle arrangement is the orbicularis oris	circular
A muscle with fascicles that insert into only one side of the tendon is categorized as	unipennate
In addition to the Pectoralis major, another muscle that displays this pattern of fascicle arrangement is Latissimus dorsi.	convergent
The term _____ is used to describe a muscle that directly performs a specific movement	agonist
Muscles with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement are either fusiform or straplike in appearance.	parallel
The muscle that helps hold the scapula against the thorax and is useful in pushing or punching movements is the	serratus anterior
The long axes of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle is a description of this type of fascicle arrangement.	parallel
The individual muscle fibers are covered by a connective tissue membrane called the	endomysium
The Sartorius muscle, a thin straplike muscle would have muscle fascicles arranged in	parallel
The muscle fascicle arrangement for Orbicularis oris is best characterized as	circular
The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is called the	calcaneal tendon
Muscles that move the forearm include which of the following?	All of these are correct options: brachioradialis, pronator teres, biceps brachii
The innermost muscle of the abdominal wall is the	transverse abdominis
The point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts is the	origin
The biceps brachii has this fascicle arrangement, which maximizes the range of motion possible.	parallel
The continuous low level of sustained contraction maintained by all skeletal muscles is muscle	tone
Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers can be	extrinsic or intrinsic
A muscle with fascicles that insert into the tendon from both sidesis categorized as	bipennate
The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and is outside the epimysium and tendon is called the	fascia.
This arrangement of muscle fascicles tends to be triangular in shape. The Pectoralis major is an example of a muscle with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement.	convergent
This is the site of communication between neurons.	synapse
Chemical signals diffuse between neurons at this location.	synapse
The glia cells that help form the blood-brain barrier are the	astrocytes
The _____ nervous system is a complex network of nerve pathways embedded in the intestinal wall with a network of integrators and feedback loops that can act somewhat independently.	enteric
A signal conduction route to and from the central nervous system is a(n)	reflex arc.
Excitable cells that conduct the impulses are called	neurons.
Bundles of myelinated fibers make up the	white matter of the nervous system.
The somatic nervous system carries information to the	skeletal muscles
These regions of the neuron direct electrical currents toward the cell body.	dendrite
The structural and functional center of the entire nervous system is the _____ nervous system.	central
Which of these glia cells are located in the peripheral nervous system?	Schwann cells
Neurons have	very limited capacity to repair themselves
This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron.	axon
Nerves that originate from the brain are called _____ nerves	cranial
What term describes the bundles of nerve fibers within the central nervous system?	tracts
The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into the __________ divisions	parasympathetic and sympathetic
The _____ of a neuron is a single process that usually extends from a tapered portion of the cell body	axon
What structure of the Schwann cell is essential to normal nerve growth and the regeneration of injured nerve fibers?	neurilemma
Which of the following is not a structural classification of neurons?	polar
The ________ of a presynaptic neuron associates with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron	axon terminal
The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the:	somatic nervous system.
Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except:	microglia lay down scar tissue
Multipolar neurons have:	multiple dendrites and one axon.
One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is	astrocytes
Most unipolar neurons are usually:	sensory neurons.
A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n):	sensory neuron.
Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of:	cell bodies.
The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the:	astrocytes.
The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate:	skeletal muscles.
In the human nervous system:	there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons.
The white matter of the nervous system is made up of:	myelinated fibers.
Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have:	a neurilemma.
Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier?	Dopamine
The nervous system can be divided:	according to its structure, according to direction of information flow, by control of effectors,
Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the:	perineurium.
Which is true of a reflex arc	It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron.
Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies.	toward
The nervous system is organized to do which of the following?	Detect changes in the external environment, Detect changes in the internal environment, Evaluate changes in the environment
Which is not true of the myelin sheath?	It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord.
Interneurons reside in the:	CNS only.
Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve?	Endoneurium
The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system:	carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain.
Astrocytes attach to:	neurons, oligodendrocytes
Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves.	sensory
A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron.	multipolar
Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called:	nuclei.
Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)?	Integrating sensory information, Evaluating the information, Initiating an outgoing response
The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit.	True
Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is:	dendrite, cell body, and axon.
The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems.	sympathetic and parasympathetic

Created by: timnauer

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