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Oriole A&P-musclepic
gross, microscopic, molecular anatomy pics for labeling
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| deep fascia | tough, leathery outer covering of connective tissue that groups together muscles into functional groups that often perform the same movement |
| muscle group | collection of muscles (like the quads or hamstrings) that work together to perform a particular action and are wrapped together with deep fascia |
| muscle | collection of all muscle cells and connective tissues that are wrapped together with epimysium to create a functional organ |
| epimysium | the connective tissue wrapping that covers a functional muscle - fibers are continuous with the tendon or aponeurosis that attaches it to bone |
| fascicle | small grouping of cells within a muscle that are wrapped by the perimysium |
| perimysium | connective tissue wrapping found around each fascicle within a muscle whose fibers are continuous with tendons / aponeurosis / periosteum |
| muscle fiber | another term for muscle cell - contains all mechanisms needed for contraction of the muscle |
| endomysium | connective tissue wrapping found around each muscle cell that separates it from others near it |
| myofibrils | bundles of actin and myosin filaments found within a muscle fiber - contains contractile mechanism and accounts for nearly 80% of that cell's volume |
| striations | visible banding patterns found in both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue due to specific alignment of internal myofilaments |
| actin filament | myofilament of muscles composed of several different proteins - considered the 'thin' filament of the three present |
| myosin filament | myofilament of muscles composed of multiple copies of the same protein - considered the 'thick' filament of the three present |
| A-band | darker banding area of muscle striations caused by an overlap of thick and thin myofilaments |
| I-band | lighter banding area of muscle striations - thick filaments are not present, allowing more light to pass through |
| H-zone | brighter area of an A-band that is due to a lack of thin filaments - this disappears during a full contraction |
| sarcomere | the shortest functional unit of a muscle - reaches from Z-disc to Z-disc and contains all parts of the contractile mechanism |
| Z-disc | connection points for actin filaments in a sarcomere that helps to keep those myofilaments aligned, producing striations |
| M-line | the 'middle of the myosin' connection point for the thick filaments - held in place with myomesin that keeps them aligned |
| anisotropic | literally 'not same light' - the 'A-band' label of striations is derived from this word |
| isotropic | literally 'same light' - the 'I-band' label of striations is derived from this word |
| sarcolemma | also known as the muscle cell plasma membrane - literally means 'flesh-husk' |
| sarcoplasm | this gel-like substance is similar to cytoplasm, but specific to muscle cells since it also contains myoglobin and glycosomes |
| myoglobin | a reddish pigment found in muscle cells that helps to store oxygen within the cell - similar to hemoglobin |
| direct attachment | also known as fleshy attachments, this is the fusion of the epimysium to the periosteum of a bone |
| aponeurosis | a wide, thin, sheet-like indirect attachment of a muscle that anchors it to bone or cartilage |
| tendon | a thick, tough, rope-like indirect attachment of a muscle that anchors it to bone or cartilage |
| bone | the primary anchor point for most muscles - the 'lever' in the 3 lever systems used for locomotion |
| periosteum | tough, leathery, connective tissue wrapping around a bone whose fibers are continuous with attached muscles' epimysium |
| origin | attachment point(s) of a muscle that does not move significantly when the muscle contracts |
| insertion | attachment point(s) of a muscle that undergo significant movement when the muscle contracts |
| elastic filament | myofilament of muscles composed of one giant titin protein that spans the width of a sarcomere and runs internally to another myofilament |
| titin | protein of which the elastic filament is composed - provides elasticity and reduces chances of over-stretching |
| tropomyosin | thin, rod-like protein that wraps around both sides of an actin filament, providing stability and stiffness |
| troponin | three-part protein complex of actin filaments that helps to control interactions necessary for contraction |
| G-actin | these are the kidney-shaped protein subunits of an actin filament that contain active sites for myosin binding |
| F-actin | polymerization of the globular actin subunits form these strands - two of them twisted together constitute the backbone of an actin filament |
| myosin heads | attached to the 'tails' with a flexible hinge, these 'cross-bridges' contain both actin- and ATP-binding sites |
| triad | structural arrangement of a T-tubule with terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum on either side |
| T-tubule | invaginations of the sarcolemma that protrude into muscle cells as an elongated tube, encircling each myofibril and flanked by SR at each triad |
| mitochondria | small, sac-like organelles that complete the process of cellular respiration, releasing energy needed for contraction |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | tasked with regulating calcium ion concentrations within muscle cells, this is a specialized version of the smooth ER |
| terminal cisternae | the 'end sacs' of the SR that can be found on either side of a T-tubule at each triad |
Created by:
nstevens
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