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Chapter 5 Terms
Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 5 Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acne | skin condition due to infected sebaceous glands |
| albinism | genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production |
| anagen | active phase of the hair growth cycle |
| apocrine sweat gland | type of sweat gland that is associated with hair follicles in the armpits and genital regions |
| arrector pili | smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair “stand up” |
| basal cell | type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis |
| basal cell carcinoma | cancer that originates from basal cells in the epidermis of the skin |
| bedsore | sore on the skin that develops when regions of the body start necrotizing due to constant pressure and lack of blood supply; also called decubitis ulcers |
| callus | thickened area of skin that arises due to constant abrasion |
| catagen | transitional phase marking the end of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle |
| corn | type of callus that is named for its shape and the elliptical motion of the abrasive force |
| cortex | in hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb |
| cuticle | in hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb |
| dermal papilla | (plural = dermal papillae) extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis |
| dermis | layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue and containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures |
| desmosome | structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells |
| eccrine sweat gland | type of sweat gland that is common throughout the skin surface; it produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation |
| eczema | skin condition due to an allergic reaction, which resembles a rash |
| elastin fibers | fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis |
| eleiden | clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss |
| epidermis | outermost tissue layer of the skin |
| eponychium | nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body, also called the cuticle |
| external root sheath | outer layer of the hair follicle that is an extension of the epidermis, which encloses the hair root |
| glassy membrane | layer of connective tissue that surrounds the base of the hair follicle, connecting it to the dermis |
| hair | keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis |
| hair bulb | structure at the base of the hair root that surrounds the dermal papilla |
| hair follicle | cavity or sac from which hair originates |
| hair matrix | layer of basal cells from which a strand of hair grows |
| hair papilla | mass of connective tissue, blood capillaries, and nerve endings at the base of the hair follicle |
| hair root | part of hair that is below the epidermis anchored to the follicle |
| hair shaft | part of hair that is above the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle |
| hypodermis | connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone and muscle |
| hyponychium | thickened layer of stratum corneum that lies below the free edge of the nail |
| integumentary system | skin and its accessory structures |
| internal root sheath | innermost layer of keratinocytes in the hair follicle that surround the hair root up to the hair shaft |
| keratin | type of structural protein that gives skin, hair, and nails its hard, water-resistant properties |
| keratinocyte | cell that produces keratin and is the most predominant type of cell found in the epidermis |
| keratohyalin | granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum |
| Langerhans cell | specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage |
| lunula | basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-shaped layer of thick epithelium |
| medulla | in hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix |
| Meissner corpuscle | (also, tactile corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to light touch |
| melanin | pigment that determines the color of hair and skin |
| melanocyte | cell found in the stratum basale of the epidermis that produces the pigment melanin |
| melanosome | intercellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis |
| Merkel cell | receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch |
| metastasis | spread of cancer cells from a source to other parts of the body |
| nail bed | layer of epidermis upon which the nail body forms |
| nail body | main keratinous plate that forms the nail |
| nail cuticle | fold of epithelium that extends over the nail bed, also called the eponychium |
| nail fold | fold of epithelium at that extend over the sides of the nail body, holding it in place |
| nail root | part of the nail that is lodged deep in the epidermis from which the nail grows |
| Pacinian corpuscle | (also, lamellated corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to vibration |
| papillary layer | superficial layer of the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue |
| reticular layer | deeper layer of the dermis; it has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers |
| sebaceous gland | type of oil gland found in the dermis all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair by secreting sebum |
| sebum | oily substance that is composed of a mixture of lipids that lubricates the skin and hair |
| stratum basale | deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells |
| stratum corneum | most superficial layer of the epidermis |
| stratum granulosum | layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum |
| stratum lucidum | layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits |
| stratum spinosum | layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes |
| sudoriferous gland | sweat gland |
| telogen | resting phase of the hair growth cycle initiated with catagen and terminated by the beginning of a new anagen phase of hair growth |
| vitamin D | compound that aids absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine to improve bone health |
Created by:
Btownsley85
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