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A&P Lecture 3
Biochemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biochemistry is: | The chemistry of life |
| Inorganic Compounds.. | Do NOT contain carbon bonded to hydrogen |
| Organic Compounds.. | DO contain carbon bonded to hydrogen |
| Types of organic molecules (3) | Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen |
| Types of organic compounds (4) | Carbohydrates (sugars) Lipids ( fatty acids ) Proteins Nuceic Acids (Dna/Rna) |
| Monomer means: | one 1 molecule |
| Polymer means: | Many 2+ molecules |
| Another name for Carbohydrates | -Sugars |
| what is the monomer of a carbohydrate called? | -Monosaccharide |
| Disaccharide means: | -2 sugars / 2 monosaccharides |
| To get this they Have to go through: Glucose (mono) ---->Glycogen (poly) | Dehydration synthesis |
| Polysaccharide means: | -many sugars |
| To get this they have to go through: Glycogen(poly)----> Glucose(mono) | Hydrolysis |
| Example of a Monosaccharide (2): | Glucose Fructose |
| Example of Disaccharide (2): | Sucrose Lactose |
| Disaccharides are formed by which chemical process(reaction)? | Dehydration Synthesis |
| Before Disaccharides can be used, it has to be: | broken down |
| Example of Polysaccharide (3): | Glycogen Cellulose Starch |
| Polysaccharides are formed by which chemical process? | Dehydration Synthesis |
| Before Polysaccharides can be used, they have to be: | broken down |
| Lipo means: | fat |
| Another name for Lipids: | Fatty acids |
| What is the name of the structural form of an organic compound? | HYDROCARBON chain or ring |
| Formula for Glucose : | C6H12O6 |
| What does dehydration synthesis do ? | -removing h2o (water molecule) to create the combination of two molecules |
| What does Hydrolysis do ? | -adding water molecule (h2o) to break down polymer into 2 separate monomers |
| Insoluble means: | -cannot be dissolved |
| True or false: Lipids are insoluble in water | TRUE! |
| What is the monomer of a lipid ? | Fatty acid |
| Where can i find the most fatty acids in a cell? | the plasma membrane |
| What is the structure of a lipid monomer ? | a hydrocarbon chain + Carboxyl group |
| Formula of a carboxyl group: | COOH |
| State of matter of a SATURATED fatty acid: | -Solid |
| State of matter of a MONOUNSATURATED fatty acid: | -liquid |
| State of matter of a POLYUNSATURATED fatty acid : | -liquid |
| # of double bonds in a SATURATED fatty acid: | 0 none |
| # of double bonds in a MONOUNSATURATED fatty acid: | 1 one |
| # of double bonds in a POLYUNSATURATED fatty acid: | 2+ two or more |
| what components make up a GLYCERIDE: | a fatty acid attached to a glycerol molecule |
| How many carbons are in a GLYCEROL molecule ? | 3 three |
| what if the polymer of a lipid ? | Diglyceride or Triglyceride |
| What components make up a TRIGLYCERIDE? | 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule |
| How would a TRIglyceride be created from a glycerol? | Through DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS, 3 water molecules ( h2o ) would be removed from the glycerol and fatty acid groups. |
| what is another type of lipid ? | steroids |
| Types of proteins (2): | Fibrous proteins Globular proteins |
| Fibrous proteins look like: | long ropes |
| fibrous proteins function: | add strength and durability to structures |
| Globular proteins look like: | globe / spherical |
| globular protein function: | messenger |
| Proteins contain what elements(4) | NITROGEN carbon hydrogen oxygen |
| Functions of a protein: | movement support transport proteins defense |
| what is the monomer of a protein? | amino acid |
| what are proteins made up of? | long chains of amino acids |
| an amino acid structure contains: | central carbon hydrogen R variable carboxyl group amino group |
| 4 levels of protein structures (4) | 1) Primary 2)Secondary 3)tertiary 4)quarternary |
| What is a primary protein structure made of ? | a chain of amino acids |
| what is the secondary protein structure made of? | 2 or more chains of amino acids |
| what 2 shapes do secondary structures have ? | 1)Alpha Helix 2) Beta sheet |
| what compares to an alpha helix ? (secondary structures) | a spring |
| what compares to a beta sheet ? (secondary structures) | a blind |
| What keeps the secondary structures shape? | Hydrogen bonding |
| What makes a tertairy structure ? | 2 or more secondary structures combined |
| what keeps the tertairy structures shape ? | hydrogen bonding |
| What makes a quaternary structure? | 2 or more tertairy structures combined |
| what is protein denaturation ? | destroying the shape of the protein with heat |
| How does the heat disrupt the protein ? | the heat disrupts hydrogen bonding, which keeps the shape in the structures |
| TRUE OR FALSE : Enzymes are catalysts;they speed up reactions | TRUE |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Enzymes remove the activation energy of a chemical reaction | FALSE |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction | TRUE |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Enzymes are not changed in the reaction | TRUE |
| function of Nucleic acids? | Make up the genetic material |
| monomer of nucleic acids? | Nucleotides |
| structure of a nucleotide | Nitrogenous group 5 carbon pentose phosphate |
| types pf nucleic bases: (2) | 1)Purine 2)Pyrimidine |
| structure of Purine (Nucleic acid) : | double ringed Adenine ( A) and Guanine (G) |
| Structure of Pyrimidines ( Nucleic Acid): | Single ringed Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) and Uracil (U) |
| What is DNA stand for | DeoxyRibose NucleicAcid |
| shape of DNA | double helix SPRING |
| what does dna contain | genes |
| structure of DNA | A-T C-G held together by hydrogen bonds |
Created by:
jameesha1
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