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A&P 1-7 vocab
Final exam vocab for chapters 1-7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chapter 1 | |
| anatomy | study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts |
| homeostasis | relative constancy of the normal body's internal (fluid) environment |
| medullary | relating to the middle or center of an organ or structure |
| pathology | study of diseased body structures |
| somatotype | classification of body type determined on the basis of certain physical characteristics (ectomorph, endomorph, mesomorph) |
| pathogenesis | pattern of a disease's development |
| etiology | theory, or study, of the factors involved in causing a disease |
| epidemic | refers to a disease that occurs in many individuals at the same time |
| Chapter 2 | |
| octet rule | general principle in chemistry wherby atoms usually form bonds in ways that will provide each atom with an outer shell of eight electrons |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | chemical compound that provides energy for use by body cells (blend of adenine and ribosome) |
| covalent bond | chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons |
| ionic bond | electrocovalent bond; bond formed by transferring of electron from one atom to another |
| hydrolysis | chemical process in which a compound is split by addition of H+ and OH- prortions of a wter molecule |
| exchange reaction chemical reaction that breaks down a compound and then synthesizes a new compound by switching portions of the molecules; for example, AB + CD = AD + BC | |
| peptide bond | bgond that forms between the amino group of one amineo acid and the carboxyl group of another |
| pH | units by which acid and base concentration are measured; scale ranges from 0 (extremly acidic, high H+ concentration) to 14 (extremely basic, low H+ concentration) |
| Chapter 3 | |
| centriole | one of a pair of tiny cylinders in the centrosome of a cell; believed to be involved with the spindle fibers formed during mitosis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | network of tubules and vesicles in cytoplasm that contributes to cellular protein manufacture (via attached ribosomes) and distribution |
| gap junction | cell connection formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle consisting of small sacs stacked on one another near the nucleus that makes carbohydrate compound, combines them with protein molecules, and packages the product for distribution from the cell |
| desmosome | category of cell junction that holds adjacent cells together; consists of dense plate or band of connecting structures of point of adhesion |
| lysosome | membranou organelle containing various enzymes that can dissolve most cellular compounds; called digestive bags or suicide bags of cells |
| mitochondrion | organelle in which ATP generation occurs; often termed "powerhouse of cell" |
| nucleolus | dense, well-defined but membraneless body within the nucleus; critical to protein foration because it "programs" the formation of ribosomes in the nucelus |
| Chapter 4 | |
| anaphase | latter stage of mitosis; duplicate chromosomes move to poles of dividing cells |
| catalyst | chemical that speeds up reactions iwthout being changed itself |
| cellular respiration | set of biochemical reactions of a cell that transfer energy from nutrient molecules to ATP molecules |
| haploid | halved number of chromosomes in gametes resulting from meiosis; in humans, 23 chromosomes in a sex cell |
| interphase | mitotic phase immediately before visible condenstation of the chromosomes during which the DNA of each chromosomes replicates itself |
| prophase | first stage of mitosis during which chromosomes become visible |
| meiosis | nuclear division in wichi the number of chromosomes I reduced to half their original number through separation of homologous pairs; produces gametes |
| mitosis | complex process in which a cell's DNA is replicated and divided equally between 2 daughter cells |
| Chapter 5 | |
| Chemotaxis | process by which a substance attracts cells or organisms into (or away from) its vicinity. Example- when inflammation mediators attract white blood cells |
| Diapedesis | passage of any formed elements w |
| Erythrocyte | red blood cell |
| Histogenesis | formation of tissue from primary germ layers of embryo |
| Lamina Propria | fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium in mucous membrane |
| Neuroglia | nonexcitable supporting cells of nervous tissue |
| Trabecula | tiny branch-like threads in a tissue such as beams of spongy (cancellous) bone that surround a network of spaces |
| Osteoclast | bone-absorbing cell, clast=break |
| Chapter 6 | |
| Cleavage lines or Langer lines | Pattern of dense bundles of collagenous fibers that characterize the reticular layers of dermis. Help determine where to make incisions |
| Cyanosis | condition of blueness in skin from lack of oxygen in blood |
| Germinal Matrix | cap-shaped cluster of cells at the bottom of a hair follicle |
| Lanugo | fine and soft hair coat on developing fetus |
| Medulla | Latin for marrow. the inner portion of an organ in contrast to the outer portion or cortex |
| Melanocyte | cell type in stratum basale of the skin that produces melanin pigment granules, releasing them to other nearby skin cells |
| Sebum | secretion of sebaceous gland (oil producing gland of the skin) |
| Stratum Basale | "base layer" deepest layer of epidermis, cells able to reproduce themselves |
| Chapter 7 | |
| Diaphysis | shaft of a long bone |
| Diploe | region of spongy (cancellous) bone with in the wall of a flat bone of the cranium |
| Myeloid tissue | red bone marrow, type of soft, diffuse connective tissue, site of hematopoesis |
| Osteon | unit of compact bone made of a tapered cylinder with layered, concentric rings of calcified matrix around the central canal |
| Osteomalacia | bone softening, metabolic skeletal disease, |
| Perichondrium | fibrous covering of cartilage structures |
| Transverse canal | Volkmann's canal, communicating canal between central (or Haversian) canals that contain vessels to carry blood and nerves to osteons |
Created by:
jenrevans
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