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Anatomy Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pectoralis major | adduction and internal rotation of the arm glenohumeral joint |
| rectus abdominus | flexion of the thoracic and lumbar spine lumbar and thoracic vertebrae |
| transverse abdominus | trunk lateral flexion pubic symphysis joint |
| iliopsoas | flexion and lateral rotation of the thigh hip joint |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral flexion and rotation of the head intervertebral joints of the cervical spine |
| diaphragm | expands and contracts the thorax no joints, but crosses the spine and ribs |
| quadratus laboratum | helps extend and flex trunk; braces 12th rib in breathing facet joints of the lumbar spine and the lumbosacral joint |
| latissimus dorsi | lowers the arm glenohumeral joint |
| erector spinae | extends the back, laterally flexes back, and maintains the posture and curvature of the spine affects the lumbosacral joint |
| serratus anterior | lifts the ribs and helps with breathing no joints crossed |
| infraspinatus | external rotation and stabilizes the glenohumeral joint glenohumeral joint |
| supraspinatus | abducts the arm glenohumeral joint |
| teres minor | stabilizes glenohumeral joint and extends and internally rotates the arm glenohumeral joint |
| subscapularis | internally rotates and adducts the humerus glenohumeral joint |
| biceps brachii | flexes and supinates the forearm glenohumeral, elbow, and radioulnar joint |
| triceps brachii | extends the elbow joint shoulder and elbow joints |
| deltoid | abducts the arm and stabilizes the glenohumeral joint glenohumeral joint |
| extensor carpi radialis longus | produces wrist extension and radial abduction radiocarpal joint |
| extensor digitorum | phalange, wrist, and elbow extension foot joints |
| flexor carpi ulnaris | wrist abduction and flexion wrist joint |
| brachioradialis | |
| brachialis | elbow flexion with thumb humeroulnar joint |
| gluteus maximus | external rotation and extension of the hip joint coxal joint |
| gluteus medius | hip abduction, medial rotation, flexion, lateral rotation, and the extension of the hip coxal joint |
| gracilis | hip adduction and knee flexion coxal and patellofemoral joint |
| rectus femoris | hip flexion and knee extension hip and knee joints |
| semimembranosus | extends the hip, laterally rotates lower leg knee joint |
| semitendinosus | extends and internally rotates the thigh; flexes and internally rotates the leg hip and knee joints |
| sartorius | hip flexion hip and knee joint |
| tibialis anterior | dorsiflexes and inverts the foot talocrural joint and transverse tarsal joint |
| tibialis posterior | plantarflex and inverts the foot midtarsal joint and subtalar joint |
| gastrocnemius | plantarflex joint and flexing knee joint knee, ankle, and subtalar joint |
| peroneal longus | ankle eversion and plantarflexion talocrural joint |
| popliteus | knee flexion patellofemoral joint |
| physiology | the branch of biological sciences that studies how body parts work and function |
| anatomy | the study of the shape and structure of the body in parts |
| homeostasis | the tendency of the body's systems to maintain a dynamically stable environment |
| metabolism | the sum of all the body's chemical reactions |
| body organization (small to large) | chemical -> cells -> tissue -> organ -> organ systems -> organism |
| skeletal system | provides support and protection for organs of the thorax as well as levers for the muscular system; includes humerus, femur, and skull |
| urinary system | rids the body of nitrogen-based waste and regulates water balance in the body; includes kidneys, bladder, and urethra |
| nervous system | fast-acting control system of the body which includes the brain and spinal cord; includes brain, nerves, and sensory receptors |
| reproductive system | provides for conception and childbearing; includes ovaries, testes and fallopian tubes |
| respiratory system | removes carbon dioxide from the body; includes lungs, bronchi, and nose |
| integumentary system | protects underlying organs from desiccation and mechanical damage from the environment |
| lymphatic/immune system | protects the body from foreign invader, including viruses and bacteria |
| muscular system | moves the limbs and creates facial expression |
| cardiovascular system | delivers nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body |
| digestive system | ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation; includes mouth, small intestine, and rectum |
| endocrine system | slow-acting control system of the body using hormones; includes pineal, pancreas, and pituitary glands |
| positive feedback loop | homeostatic mechanism that amplifies and repeats the initial stimulus; ex. childbirth, lactation, bloodclotting |
| negative feedback loop | homeostatic mechanism that decreases the initial stimulus and returns the body to "normal;" ex. shivering, sweating |
| femoral region | thigh |
| axillary region | armpit |
| cervical region | neck area |
| umbilical region | belly button |
| gluteal region | buttocks |
| pubic region | genital region |
| occipital region | posterior aspect of the head |
| antecubital region | front of the elbow |
| inguinal region | region where the thigh meets the trunk |
| lumbar region | lower back area |
| buccal region | cheek |
| chemical energy | energy stored in the bonds of food molecules |
| cavities in the dorsal side of the body | cranial and spinal |
| cavities in the ventral side of the body | thoracic and abdominopelvic (or abdominal, pelvic) |
| four types of energy | electrical, chemical, mechanical, and radiant |
| valence electron shell | electron shell that determines an atom's reactivity |
| protons | positively charged subatomic particles in an atom's nucleus; contributes to its atomic mass and number |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| electons | negatively charged subatomic particles in an atom's electron shell; contributes to an atom's reactivity |
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| ion | an electrically charged group of atoms |
| element | a unique substance composed of atoms with the same atomic number |
| base | proton (H+) acceptor; hydroxide (OH-) donor |
| salt |
Created by:
majesticbluecat67
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