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Alzheimer’s Disease
Pathophysiology & Neuropathology of AD
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Amyloid Precursor Proteins (APP) | The proteins involved in the accumulation of β-amyloid , which stick together when improperly folded, causing neuronal death. |
Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs) | The result of misfolded/ hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, specifically paired helical filaments. |
Tau Proteins | Peptides that form microtubles helping cell structure & function. |
ACh | Acetylcholine: a neurotransmitter released from Cholinergic neurons; ACh is involved with cognitive functions & memory. |
AChE | Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, terminating its action at the synapse. This process is crucial for proper neurotransmission regulation in the nervous system. |
After hypo/ hyper-phosphorylation , these specific proteins begin to aggregate and clump. | β-amyloid |
Primary neurons affected from Alzheimer’s Disease. | Cholinergic Neurons |
APOE e4 allele | The APOE e4 allele is a genetic variant associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. It's a specific form of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene. |