a fundamental change in the political and social organization of a state.

the political and social system of France in the eighteenth century before the Revolution

“without breeches.” The common people, who did not wear the fine clothes of the upper classes and played an important role in the radical phase of the French Revolution.

a faction in the National Convention during the French Revolution that favored keeping the king alive; so-called because their leaders came from the Gironde in southwestern France.

a faction in the National Convention during the French Revolution that represented the interests of the city of Paris and favored the execution of the king

the people’s army raised by universal mobilization to repel the foreign enemies of the French Revolution.

a policy, adopted in the radical phase of the French Revolution, aimed at creating a secular society by eliminating Christian forms and institutions from French society.

officials appointed by the central government to oversee all aspects of a local government during the reign of Napoleon.

Napoleon’s effort to bar British goods from the continent in the hope of weakening Britain’s economy and destroying its capacity to wage war.

a sense of national consciousness based on awareness of being part of a community—a “nation”—that has common institutions, traditions, language, and customs and that becomes the focus of the individual’s primary political loyalty.

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ap euro 19 terms

Term	Definition
revolution	a fundamental change in the political and social organization of a state.
old order	the political and social system of France in the eighteenth century before the Revolution
sans-culottes	“without breeches.” The common people, who did not wear the fine clothes of the upper classes and played an important role in the radical phase of the French Revolution.
Girondins	a faction in the National Convention during the French Revolution that favored keeping the king alive; so-called because their leaders came from the Gironde in southwestern France.
Mountain	a faction in the National Convention during the French Revolution that represented the interests of the city of Paris and favored the execution of the king
nation in arms	the people’s army raised by universal mobilization to repel the foreign enemies of the French Revolution.
de-Christianization	a policy, adopted in the radical phase of the French Revolution, aimed at creating a secular society by eliminating Christian forms and institutions from French society.
prefects	officials appointed by the central government to oversee all aspects of a local government during the reign of Napoleon.
Continental System	Napoleon’s effort to bar British goods from the continent in the hope of weakening Britain’s economy and destroying its capacity to wage war.
nationalism	a sense of national consciousness based on awareness of being part of a community—a “nation”—that has common institutions, traditions, language, and customs and that becomes the focus of the individual’s primary political loyalty.

Created by: sienna2026

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