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Anatomy
Final Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A frontal plane is the same as a ______ plane | coronal |
| Anatomy is defined as the study of the ______ of a living organism | structure |
| ______ refers to an inner region of an organ, whereas ______ refers to an outer region or layer of an organ | medullary; cortical |
| The _____ system is involved in immunity | lymphatic |
| The sternal region is ______ to the scapular region | anterior |
| Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant? | gallbladder |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into 2 major divisions. They are: | axial and appendicular |
| Physiology is defined as the study of the ____ of the living organism | function |
| An example of a tissue in the body is: | epithelium |
| Regarding directional terms, superior means: | toward the head |
| Muscles are _____ to the skin | deep |
| The knee is _____ to the foot | proximal |
| The Inguinal region lies: | where the thigh joins the trunk |
| The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the ______ cavities | abdominal and pelvic |
| Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? | developmental anatomy |
| The gluteal region is ______ to the popliteal region | superior |
| The dorsal cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a spinal cavity | TRUE |
| All of the following are characteristics of human life EXCEPT: | synthesis by scientists |
| The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the _____ plane | coronal |
| The brain is _____ to the skull | deep |
| The space that encloses the brain and spinal cord forms one continuous cavity called the _____ cavity | dorsal |
| A coronal section through the human body can: | pass through both ears |
| Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? | Spinal cord |
| The chest is ____ to the abdomen | superior |
| As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to: | the infero-medical aspect of the back |
| A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: | sagittal |
| An organ is one organizational level higher than a: | tissue |
| The structure that is called the "powerhouse" of the cell is the: | mitochondria |
| Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? | Pinky is lateral as compared to the thumb |
| Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life? | balance |
| The number of abdominal regions is: | 9 |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane | transverse |
| A plane through the body divides the body into anterior portion is: | coronal |
| In anatomical postion the wrist is _____ as compared to the elbow | inferior |
| Molecules are: | atoms combined to form larger chemical aggrergates |
| The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are: | cells |
| The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? | Umbilicus |
| Blood production is a function of which system? | skeletal |
| What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? | superficial |
| A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions | right and left |
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a: | tissue |
| From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: | chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism |
| Popliteal refers to the: | area behind the knee |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a: | organ |
| If your reference point is "farthest from the trunk of the body" versus "nearest to the trunk of the body", where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | proximal |
| A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know how to find it in the ______ region | right hypochondriac |
| An X-ray technician has been asked to make X-ray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions mus be included? | right hypochodriac, epigastric and left hypochondriac |
| The lungs are located in the: | thoracic cavity |
| The reproductive system includes all of the following except the: | ureter |
| The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: | right lung |
| The gallbladder lies in the: | abdominal cavity |
| When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a: | organelle |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | ventral/dorsal |
| Mitochondria , golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: | organelles |
| What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells? | metabolism |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a _____ bond | covalent |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes ____ and the solution becomes more ______ | down; acidic |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: | covalent |
| A molecule that is polar: | - Can form a hydrogen bond - Has an unequal charge |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a large compound into smaller subunits? | hydrolysis |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be: | polar |
| Salts: | - Can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases - Are electrolytes - Will form crystals if the water is removed |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called an: | element |
| The elements carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? | 96% |
| The most abundant element essential to life is: | carbon |
| Acids, bases, and salts belong to a large group of compounds called: | electrolytes |
| The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a ______ reaction | synthesis |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances? | decomposition reaction |
| The reaction between a hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: | synthesis reaction |
| Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the: | octet rule |
| What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond? | hydrolysis |
| Which subatomic particles carry a charge? | protons and electrons |
| An element that contains the same number of protons but different number of neutrons is called an: | isotope |
| Hydrolysis _______ a water molecule | breaks down compounds by adding |
| As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) increases, the: | - solutions becomes more acidic - pH rises |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be: | polar |
| A weak acid: | - dissociates almost completely in solution - will cause the pH of the solution to rise above 7 |
| For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must: | lose an electron |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: | transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| The atomic number tells you the: | number of protons in the nucleus |
| An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons | eight |
| A force holding two atoms together is a: | chemical bond |
| The element of oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains: | eight protons |
| Electrolytes are: | called cations if they have a positive charge |
| Acids: | release hydrogen ions |
| The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: | protons in its nucleus |
| Which of the following is not a subatomic particle? | radon |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: | one proton and two neutrons |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | solutions becomes more acidic |
| Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water? | 50% |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? | Zinc |
| An example of an element would be: | Ne |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons |
| The process of digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | decomposition |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | two |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose or share: | electrons |
| Which of the following bonds is the weakest? | hydrogen |
| In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: | turn blue |
| Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? | helium |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, and atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, ____ neutrons, and ______ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2 |
| Acids: | - are proton donors - taste sour - release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution |
| Which of the following represents properties of water? | - high specific heat - high heat of vaporization - strong polarity |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis |
| AB + CD ----> AD + CB is an example of a ______ reaction | exchange |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: | protons |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is an: | electron |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a _____ reaction | synthesis |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of _____ from other atoms of the same element | neutrons |
| The octet rule refers to the: | stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | - catabolism - anabolism - ATP requirements |
| The most abundant and important compound in the body is: | water |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) than hydrogen ions (H+) is an ______ solution | alkaline (basic) |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | four |
Created by:
Ceci32
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