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A&P Chapter 11

QuestionAnswer
What are fascicles? Muscle cells (fibers) are organized in bundles (fibers)
2. Be able to recognize a description or picture of PARALLEL, convergent, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate, or circular muscles. Fibers parallel to the long axis of muscle/ Ex: biceps bracii
Be able to recognize a description or picture of parallel, CONVERGENT, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate, or circular muscles. A broad area converges on attachment site (tendon, aponeurosis)/ Ex: pectoralis muscles
Pennate Muscles: Forms an angle with the tendon/ does not move as far as, contains more myofibrils, develops more tension than parallel muscles
Be able to recognize a description or picture of parallel, convergent, unipennate, bipennate, MULTIPENNATE, or circular muscles. Tendon branches within muscle. Ex- deltoid.
Be able to recognize a description or picture of parallel, convergent, UNPENNATE, bipennate, multipennate, or circular muscles. Fibers on one side of tendon. Ex- extensor digitorum
Be able to recognize a description or picture of parallel, convergent, unipennate, BIPENNATE, multipennate, or circular muscles. Fibers on both sides of tendon. Ex- rectus femoris
Be able to recognize a description or picture of parallel, convergent, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate, or CIRCULAR muscles. Also called sphincters/ Open and close to guard entrances. Ex- Orbicularis oris
3. Why can pennate muscles develop more tension than parallel muscles? (more myofibrils) Forms an angle with tendon, does not move as far, contains more myofibrils
4. Understand how bones function as levers. Muscles attached to skeleton produce motion/ Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed of muscle mvmt
5. Understand the following terms: fulcrum, applied force (AF) and load (L) A Fixed point
Understand the following terms: fulcrum, applied force (AF) and load (L) Muscles provide effort
Understand the following terms: fulcrum, applied force (AF) and load (L) Required to overcome ____
6. In terms of the human body, what are the levers? Bones
7. In terms of the human body, what are the fulcrums? Joints
8. In terms of the human body, where does the applied force come from? Muscles
9. Understand the differences between first, second, and third class levers. Where are the fulcrum, applied force, and load in relation to one another? Ex- Seesaw or teeter-totter/ Fulcrum is btwn AF and L/ AF and L go in opposite directions
Understand the differences between first, second, and third class levers. Where are the fulcrum, applied force, and load in relation to one another? Ex- Wheelbarrow/ L is btwn AF and fulcrum/ AF and L go in the same direction/ Very efficient- a small force moves a large weight
Understand the differences between first, second, and third class levers. Where are the fulcrum, applied force, and load in relation to one another? Ex- Flexion of arm/ most common levers in body/ AF and L go in the same direction/ most inefficient lever- greater force is required to move a smaller load/ Maximizes speed and distance traveled
10. Be able to identify a first, second, or third class lever given a picture or description.
11. Which is the most efficient type of lever? Second-Class Lever
12. Which type of lever is most inefficient? What is the benefit of this type of lever? Third- Class Lever/ Can maximize speed and distance traveled
13. What are origins and insertions? Where are origins typically found in relation to insertions? Origin- Muscles have one fixed point of attachment/ Insertion- One moving point of attachment/ Origin is usually proximal to insertion
14. What is the name of the movement produced when a particular muscle contracts? Action/ Ex- Flexion, extension, adduction, etc
15. Understand how agonists, antagonists, and synergists work together. Agonist (prime mover) Produces a particular mvmt/ Antagonist opposes mvmt of a particular agonist/ Synergist is a smaller muscle that assists a larger joint. Helps start motion or stabilize origin of agonist
Created by: Clinton Perdue
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