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Chabner12-Ch02all
Chabner, Language of Medicine 12th Ed, Chapter 02 - All
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ana- | up; apart; backward; again; anew |
| cata- | down |
| epi- | above; upon; on |
| hypo- | deficient; below; under; less than normal |
| inter- | between |
| intra- | within; into |
| meta- | change; beyond |
| -eal | pertaining to |
| -iac | pertaining to |
| -ior | pertaining to |
| -ism | process; condition |
| -ose | full of; pertaining to; sugar |
| -plasm | formation; structure |
| -some | body |
| -type | classification; picture |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| adip/o | fat |
| anter/o | front |
| cervic/o | neck; cervix (neck of uterus) |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| chrom/o | colour |
| coccyg/o | coccyx (tailbone) |
| crani/o | skull |
| cyt/o | cell |
| dist/o | far; distant |
| dors/o | back (of body) |
| hist/o | tissue |
| ili/o | ilium (large broad bone forming upper part of each half of pelvis) |
| inguin/o | groin |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| later/o | side |
| lumb/o | lower back; loin |
| medi/o | middle |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| pelv/i | pelvis; hip region |
| poster/o | back (of body); behind |
| proxim/o | near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along the side of |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| spin/o | spine (backbone) |
| thel/o | nipple |
| theli/o | nipple |
| thorac/o | chest |
| trache/o | trachea (windpipe) |
| umbilic/o | umbilicus (navel) |
| ventr/o | belly side of body |
| vertebr/o | vertebra (backbone) |
| viscer/o | internal organs |
| abdomen | part of body above the pelvis and below the diapragm |
| abdominal cavity | space between chest and pelvis. Contains stomach, small and large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters, (females) uterus and vagina |
| adipose tissue | collection of cells used for the storage of fat |
| anabolism | process of building larger proteins from amino acids |
| anterior | front surface of body (ventral) |
| axial plane | horizontal plane (cross-sectional) dividing body into upper and lower parts (also transverse) |
| cartilage | flexible connective tissue often attached to bones and joints. Also found in external ear, nose, and surrounding trachea |
| catabolism | breakdown of complex molecules (sugar/fat) into glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. |
| caudal | below another structure; pertaining to lower portion of body (also inferior) |
| cell | fundamental unit of all living things |
| cell membrane | semi-permeable, multi-layered structure surrounding and protecting the cell |
| cephalic | above another structure (also superior); pertaining to head |
| chromosome | rod-shaped structure in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. |
| circulatory system | heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland |
| coccygeal | region of the coccyx (tailbone) |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| connective tissue | examples are adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood. |
| coronal plane | vertical plane dividing body into anterior and posterior regions |
| cranial cavity | space in teh head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull |
| craniotomy | surgical opening into the skull |
| cytoplasm | all the material outside the nucleus but inside the cell membrane |
| deep | away from the surface |
| diaphragm | muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Used for breathing. |
| digestive system | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallblader, pancreas |
| disc | pad of cartilage between vertebrae |
| distal | far from point of attachment to the trunk or far from beginning of a structure. |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid - molecule that carries genetic information for development and functioning of organism |
| dorsal | back surface of the body (also posterior) |
| endocrine system | thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Manufactures cell proteins using anabolism |
| epigastric region | middle upper region above the stomach |
| epinephrine | another term for adrenaline, a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands |
| epithelial cells | skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs. |
| epithelial tissue | all tissue that covers the outside of the body and lines the inner surface of internal organs |
| fat cell | contain large empty spaces to store fat. |
| frontal plane | vertical plane dividing body into anterior and posterior regions |
| genes | regions of DNA within each chromosome |
| histologist | specialist in the study of tissues |
| histology | the study of tissues |
| hypochrondriac regions | right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
| hypogastric region | middle lower region below the umbilical region |
| iliac | groin |
| iliac regions | right and left lower regions near the groin (inguinal regions) |
| inferior | below another structure; pertaining to lower portion of body (also caudal) |
| inguinal regions | right and left lower regions near the groin (iliac regions) |
| intervertebral | between vertebrae |
| karyotype | a photograph of an individual's chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and number. |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in an inability to speak |
| larynx | voice box, located above the trachea |
| lateral | pertaining to the side |
| lateral plane | vertical plane dividing body into right and left (also sagittal) |
| lumbar regions | right and left middle regions near the waist |
| lumbar spine | loin (waist) region (vertebrae L1 to L5) |
| lumbosacral | combination of lumbar and sacral regions (vertebrae L1 to S5) |
| medial | pertaining to the middle OR near medial plane of the body |
| mediastinum | (subset of thoracic cavity) space outside of and between the lungs. |
| metabolism | catabolism + anabolism. The total chemical processes within a cell. |
| midsagittal plane | vertical plane dividing body into equal left and right halves |
| mitochondria | organelle in cells generating most of energy needed for cells biochemical reactions. |
| muscle cell | fibers can contract and relax. Long and slender. |
| muscle tissue | muscle cells working together to provide contractions. Divided into voluntary and involuntary, which includes cardiac muscle. |
| musculoskeletal system | muscles, bones, and joints. |
| nerve cell | fibrous extension that can carry impules. Long. |
| nerve tissue | uses nerve cells to conduct impulses and signals throughout the body |
| nervous system | brain, spinal cord, nerves, collection of nerves |
| nucleic | pertaining to the nucleus |
| nucleus | Controls operation of cell. Directs cell division. |
| organs | different types of tissue combine to form an organ |
| pelvic cavity | space below the abdomen. Contains portions of small and large intestine, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters, (females) uterus and vagina |
| peritoneum | double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. Attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and provides protection. |
| pharyngeal | pertaining to the pharynx |
| pharynx | throat. Serves as passage for both food (mouth to esophagus) and air (nose to trachea) |
| pituitary gland | endocrine gland at the base of the brain. |
| pleura | double membrane that surrounds and protects the lungs |
| pleural cavity | (subset of thoracic cavity) space surrounding each lung. |
| posterior | back surface of the body (also dorsal) |
| prone | lying on the belly (face down, palms down) |
| proximal | near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure |
| sacrum | shield-shaped bony structures located at base of lumbar vertebrae and connected to pelvis |
| sagittal (lateral) plane | vertical plane dividing body into left and right sides |
| sagittal plane | vertical plan dividing body into right and left (also lateral) |
| sarcoma | tumor of connective or other non-epithelial tissue |
| skin and sense organs | skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, eyes, ears, nose, tongue. |
| spinal cavity | space within the spinal column. Contains: spinal cord. |
| spinal column | bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity |
| spinal cord | cylindrical bundle of nerve tissue found in spinal cavity |
| superficial | on the surface |
| superior | above another structure (also cephalic) |
| supine | lying on the back (face up, palms up) |
| system | group of organs working together to perform complex functions |
| thoracic cavity | space in the chest. Contains: lung, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus glad, aorta |
| thoracotomy | surgical incision into the chest wall |
| thyroid gland | endocrine gland that surrounds trachea in the neck. |
| tissue | group of similar cells working together to do a specific task |
| trachea | windpipe. Tube leading from throat and larynx to bronchial tubes. |
| tracheal | pertaining to the trachea |
| transverse plane | horizontal plane (cross-sectional) dividing body into upper and lower parts (also axial) |
| types of cell | muscle, epithelial, nerve, fat |
| umbilical region | central region near the navel |
| ureter | tube leading from kidney to the urinary bladder |
| urethra | tube from the urinary bladder to the outside |
| urinary system | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| uterus | organ that holds the embryo or fetus as it develops. |
| ventral | front surface of body (anterior) |
| vertebra | single backbone |
| vertebrae | multiple backbones |
| vertebral | pertaining to backbones |
| viscera | internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen. |
| visceral | pertaining to viscera |
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