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Chapter 15 Anatomy

TermDefinition
List the organs of the digestive tract, in order mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
List the accessory organs of the digestive tract salivary glands, tongue, teeth, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
Location of greater omentum hangs down inferiorly from the stomach, covering the small intestines and a portion of the large intestine
location of lesser omentum underneath the greater omentum; extends from stomach to the liver
saliva functions cleanses teeth, inhibits bacterial growth, lubricated and binds food together for swallowing
salivary glands locations parotid - on top of masseter muscle submandibular - underneath mandibular region sublingual - underneath tongue
salivary gland secretions parotid - salivary amylase submandibular - mucins + salivary amylase sublingual - mucins
layers of digestive tract from inner to outer mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Functions of the ENS 1. coordinate muscle activity for stomach churning and peristalsis 2. regulate secretions that maintain optimal pH for enzyme function
what is the esophageal hiatus where the esophagus penetrates through the diaphragm
what is the cardial orifice where esophagus connects to stomach
what occurs during the oral phase of swallowing food bolus formed in the mouth and pushed towards laryngopharynx
what occurs during pharyngeal phase of swallowing soft palate, tongue, vocal chords, and epiglottis block nasal cavities and airway; pharyngeal constrictors push food bolus into esophagus
what occurs during esophageal phase of swallowing peristalsis drives food bolus down esophagus; relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter allows food bolus into stomach
what types of cells are located in gastric pits columnar cells, G cells, chief cells, parietal cells, mucous cells, regenerative cells
what types of cells are located in pyloric pits columnar cells, G cells, parietal cells, mucous cells, regenerative cells
What do chief cells secrete pepsinogen, gastric lipase
what do G cells secrete gastrin
what to parietal cells secrete HCl
what does gastric lipase do breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
what does pepsinogen do nothing, pepsinogen has to be activated and turned into pepsin
what does pepsin do begins the breakdown of proteins
what does gastrin do increases secretory activity of gastric glands
what does HCl do activated pepsinogen and turns it into pepsin; activates gastric lipase; converts dietary iron into a form usable by body
what is gastric juice made of water + HCl + lipase + pepsin
how is the stomach protected from gastric juice and other enzymes 1. Mucosa layer produces mucus that neutralizes HCl and resists other enzymes 2. epithelial cells joined tightly together prevents gastric juice from seeping between cells 3. rapid cell replacement
what occurs during the intestinal phase as chyme move from the stomach to the small intestine chyme enters duodenum > local reflexes + secretion of secretin and cholecystokinin are triggered > digestive juices stop being produced in the stomach
what enzymes are secreted by the microvilli brush border lipase and peptidase
what does peptidase do breaks down peptides into amino acids
what is bile composed of minerals, cholesterol, phospholipids, bile acids (salts), bile pigments
liver cells hepatocytes
flow of bile secreted into channels between hepatocytes > common hepatic duct > joined by cystic duct from gallbladder > 2 ducts converge to form bile duct > bile duct empties contents into duodenum
what does the appendix contain densely populated lymphocytes
what are taenia coli longitudinal fiber layer that gives rise to haustra (singular: haustrum)
what are haustrum segmented pouches that make up large intestine; contents pushed from haustrum to haustrum via haustral contractions
Created by: MarWri
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