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muscular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the levels of skeletal muscle organization | epimysium, perimysium, endomysium |
| What is the order of the muscle | tendon, epimysium, perimysium, fascicle, endomysium, muscle fiber, myofibril, filaments |
| what is the epimysium made of | fascicles |
| what is the perimysium made of | muscle fibers |
| what is the endomysium made of | myofibrils |
| what are myofibrils made of | thick( myosin) and thin(actin) filaments |
| what is the sarcolemma | muscle fiber membrane with special ability to stimulated by a neuron |
| what are transverse tubules | infoldings of sarcolemma to transmit nerve impulse into the fiber |
| what is the sarcoplasm | muscle cell cytoplasm |
| where are nuclei found in the muscle fiber | against sarcolemma at edge of sarcoplasm |
| what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum | muscle cell ER, holds calcium ions |
| what are thick filaments made of | protein myosin |
| what are thin filaments made of | protein actin |
| how are the filaments arranged | basic units of contractions called sacromeres |
| what is the squiggly line | titin |
| what is the middle zone | sarcomere |
| what is the band in the middle | a band |
| what are the bands to the right and left of the a band | i band |
| what is the line in the middle | m line |
| what letter are the discs | z disc |
| can a neuron branch to many muscle fibers | yes |
| what is the neuromuscular junction | where neuron and muscle meet |
| what is the motor unit | 1 neuron and all fibers it stimulates (150+) |
| what is the 2nd step of contraction | the end of the neuron releases acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft |
| what is the 3rd step | if enough acetylcholine is picked up by sarcolemma, the muscle is stimulated |
| what is the 4th step | the signal is passed along the sarcolemma down t tubules |
| what is the 5th step | the signal causes calcium ions to be released from the SR into sarcoplasm |
| what is the 6th step | calcium ions interact with the thin filaments allowing myosin heads of thick filaments to bind them, forming cross-bridges |
| what is the 7th step | thick filament cross bridges use ATP to pull thin filaments toward M line=contraction |
| what is the 8th step | New ATP molecules must bind to the myosin heads before they release the thin filament |
| what is the 9th step | when the nerve impulse stops, calcium is actively taken back into the SR |
| what is the direct source of energy for contraction | ATP |
| what is the ATP equation | ATP--- ADP+P (+ENERGY) |
| what do muscles store | creatine phosphate, contain myoglobin |
| what is the creatine phosphate equation | ADP+CP---ATP+C |
| what is aerobic respiration | using oxygen to completely break down food, used if energy demands are fairly low |
| what does myoglobin do | helps tide the body over before the cardiovascular system can change to meet oxygen demands |
| what is the aerobic respiration equation | C6H12O6+ADP+P---2LA+ |
| what is lactic acid fermentation | food is incompletely broken down into lactic acid for energy without oxygen |
| what is the lactic acid fermentation equation | C6H12O6-+ADP+P---2LA+ |
| what is oxygen debt | the more lactic acid fermentation, the more lactic acid, the more oxygen you need which creates an oxygen debt |
Created by:
24eproch21
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