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Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 2: The Chemical Level of Organization Review Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is matter? | Anything that occupies space and has mass |
| What is the composition of matter? | Made of atoms |
| Which 4 elements make up about 96% of our body? | Oxygen (O) Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Nitrogen (N) |
| What are atoms? | Building blocks of elements |
| What are the subatomic particles found in an atom? What are their charges? | Protons (pos. charged), Neutrons (uncharged/neutral) Electrons (neg. charged) |
| What is an ion? How does an ion differ from an atom that is neutral? | Ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons. Ions will never be neutral compared to an atom. Ions are either neg or pos. |
| What is an isotope? | Atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons, but vary in the number of neutrons. Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic masses. |
| Differentiate between an atom, molecule and compound | molecules can have two or more of the same atoms or different atoms, but compounds must have two or more different types of atoms. Atoms are particles that consist of a proton, neutron, and electron |
| Why is the number of electrons in the valence shell important? | the number of valence electrons in the outer shell determines how well atoms interact with one another in their environment. |
| How does the chemical structure of inorganic compounds differ from organic compounds? | Inorganic compounds - Lack carbon - Tend to be small, simple molecules - Include water, salts, and many acids and bases Organic compounds - Contain carbon - Mostly large, covalent molecules - Include carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid |
| What are some examples of organic compounds? | carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid |
| what are some examples of inorganic compounds? | water, salts, and many acids and bases |
| How is salt different from an acid or a base? | Salts is not an acid or a base because it dissociates cations and anions. However it does contain other ions that is similar to cations and anions. |
| Why are salts considered electrolytes? | Electrolytes are ions that conduct electrical currents and salt is an ionic compound |
| What are acids and bases? | Acids are electrolytes that dissociate (ionize) in water and release hydrogen ions (H+) and Proton (H+) donors Bases are electrolytes that dissociate (ionize) in water and release hydroxyl ions (OH–) and Proton (H+) acceptors |
| Polar covalent bonds | Electrons are not shared equally between the atoms of the molecule ex: Water |
| Surface tension | Hydrogen bonds between polar water molecules creates surface tension |
| Adhesion | The attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind |
| What are subunits that are bonded together to form carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides—simple sugars and the structural units of the carbohydrate group Disaccharides—two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis Polysaccharides—long-branching chains of linked simple sugars |
| What are subunits that are bonded together to form lipids? | Triglyceride |
| What are subunits that are bonded together to form proteins? | amino acids |
| What are subunits that are bonded together to form nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
Created by:
Jhona_Bel
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