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Joints
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Function of joints | connection between bones, BIND parts of skeletal System together, make bone growth possible, allow shape change during child birth, enable movement in response to contraction |
| STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION - fibrous | held together by Dense Connective tissue |
| STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION - cartilaginous | held together by cartilage |
| STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION - synovial | have a complex structure |
| FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION - synarthrotic | immovable |
| FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION - amphiarthrotic | slightly movable |
| FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION - diarthrotic | freely movable |
| Fibrous joints are found where? | In bones in close contact |
| types of fibrous joints? | Syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis |
| Fibrous Syndesmosis joint | bones bound by a sheet of dense Connective tissue (interosseous membrane) or a bundle of dense connective tissue (interosseous ligament) |
| Ex. of fibrous Syndesmosis joint | between tibia and fibula amphiarthrotic |
| Fibrous Suture | thin layer of connective tissue (sutural ligament) |
| ex. of fibrous Suture joint | flat bones of the skull synarthrotic |
| Fibrous Gomphosis Joint | cone shaped boney process in a socket |
| ex. of fibrous Gomphosis joint | root of tooth held in place by periodontal ligament synarthrotic |
| What are the functional classifications of FIBROUS joints? | Syndesmosis (amphiarthrotic), Suture (synarthrotic), Gomphosis (synarthrotic) |
| Cartilaginous Joints are made of what? | connected by Fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage |
| types of cartilaginous joints? | synchondrosis, symphysis |
| Cartilaginous Synchondrosis Joints | bands of hyaline cartilage untie bones |
| ex. of cartilaginous synchondrosis | epiphyseal plate or manubrium/costal cartilage synarthrotic |
| Cartilaginous Symphasis Joints | pad of Fibrocartilage between bones, articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage |
| ex. of cartilaginous symphasis | pubic symphasis, intervertebral discs amphiarthrotic |
| Synovial Joints | most abundant, all are diarthrotic |
| Joint Capsule : 2 layers do what | Outer, fibrous layer : composed of ligaments Inner layer : synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid |
| Synovial Joints consist of : | articular cartilage, joint Capsule, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial cavity, synovial fluid, meniscus and bursa (some joints) |
| TYPE OF SYNOVIAL : Ball and Socket Joint (SPHERODIAL) | round head in cupped shaped cavity, wide range of motion ex. hip, shoulder |
| TYPE OF SYNOVIAL : Condylar Joint (ELLIPSOIDAL) | oval Condyle fits in elliptical cavity, back/forth and side movement ex. metacarpal/phalangeal joint |
| TYPE OF SYNOVIAL : Plane Joint (GLIDING) | almost flat/slightly curved, back/forth/twisting ex. wrist bones / ankle tones |
| TYPE OF SYNOVIAL : Hinge Joint | moves in one plane ex. elbow, phalange/phalange |
| TYPE OF SYNOVIAL : Pivot Joint (TROCHOID) | rotates within rings of another bone ex. atlas and dens of axis |
| TYPE OF SYNOVIAL : Saddle Joint (SELLAR) | 2 planes of motion ex. carpal and metacarpal joint of thumb |
| flexion | bending of parts at joint |
| extension | straightening of parts at joint |
| hyperextension | extension beyond normal anatomical position |
| lateral flexion | bending to the side |
| abduction | moving body parts away from midline |
| adduction | moving body parts toward midline |
| dorsiflexion | ankle movement so toes point up |
| plantar flexion | ankle movement so toes point down |
| circumduction | movement of body parts in a circular path |
| rotation | movement of body parts around an axis |
| medial rotation | movement of limb so anterior moves towards midline |
| lateral rotation | movement of limb so anterior moves away from midline |
| supination | forearm rotation so palms face up/forward |
| pronation | forearm rotation so palms face down/backward |
| inversion | turning foot so bottom faces midline |
| eversion | turning foot so bottom faces away from midline |
| protraction | movement of body parts forward |
| retraction | movement of body parts backwards |
| elevation | raising body part |
| depression | lowering body part |
Created by:
jada.strohman
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