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Muscle Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Origin | Most stationary point of the muscle, where the bone and muscle attach |
| Insertion | Point of muscle that usually moves with bone, attached to bone via tendons |
| Action | Changes/ movement produced at the joint as a result of muscle contraction |
| Agonist | Main muscle providing a particular movement |
| Antagonist | Opposite muscle to the antagonist, opposes the agonist movement to prevent hyperextension |
| Prime Mover | Agonist synonym |
| Synergist | Assists in providing a pulling motion at the insertion point to stabilize the origin, preventing unwanted movement |
| Fixator | Stabilize at origin to increase efficiency |
| Shunt Muscle | Originates closer to the joint it crosses/manipulates. |
| Spurt Muscle | Originates further from the joint it crosses/manipulates |
| Stabilizer | Stabilizes the muscle agonist |
| Neutralizer | Contract to prevent unwanted actions, similar to the antagonist. |
| Contrature | Shortening of muscle caused by remodeling of connective tissue that may include joint capsules and ligaments and reduction of the amount of sarcomeres. Contraction without electrical activity. |
| Convulsions | Abnormal, uncoordinated titanic contractions of varying groups of muscles |
| Cramps | Painful muscle spasms |
| Fasciculation | Visible, involuntary twitch of the muscles of a motor unit of short duration; no accompanying movement across the joint |
| Fibrillation | Abnormal contraction in which individual fibers contract asynchronously |
| Hypertonia | Increase in muscle tone |
| Hypotonia | Lack or decrease of muscle tone |
| Myalgia | Pain originating in muscle |
| Myoma | tumor of muscle |
| Myositis | inflammation of the muscle |
| Repetitive Strain Injury | Muscle pain induced by muscular activity at is near or above the muscles tolerance |
| Rigidity | denotes muscle spasm in both the agonist and antagonist |
| Spasm | a persistent contraction of muscle that can not be voluntarily released |
| Spasticity | a muscle spasm observed in brain or spinal cord injuries. Increased excitability of the stretch reflex. |
| Intrinsic Muscles | Smaller muscles responsible for finer control, found in the carpals and metacarpals. |
| Extrinsic Muscles | Provide strength and are responsible for crude control of the hands |
Created by:
bgarcia005
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