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Anatomy chpt 5 test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what three things does the integumentary include | skin, hair, nails |
| skin is also known as what membrane | cutaneous |
| what are the five main functions of the integumentary system | regulate, protect, detect, excrete, and synthesize |
| what protects underlying tissue | keratin |
| what part is not apart of the skin | dermis |
| what two connective tissues is made from dermis | adipose and areolar |
| the epidermis is made of what epithelial cell | stratified squamous |
| where are lamellar granules found and what do they do | keratin and they release lipid-rich secretion which repels water, slows loss of body fluids and prevents entry of foreign materials |
| keratinocytes functions | produces keratin and protects skin |
| melanocytes funtions | produce melanin that gives color to skin and hair |
| intraepidermal macrophages | immune response |
| tactile epithelial cells | detects touch sensations |
| four layers of the epidermis | stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum |
| stratum basale | deepest layer, where new cells are formed and slowly pushed to the surface |
| stratum spinosum | provides strength and flexibility |
| stratum granulosum | cells undergo apoptosis |
| stratum corneum | most superficial layer, cells consist mostly of keratin |
| stratum lucidum is a thick 5th layer only found where on the body | palms and soles |
| stratum lucidum is deep to what layer of the epidermis | stratum corneum |
| what are the three pigments that account for skin color | melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene |
| freckle/moles | unusual concentration of melanin or melanocytes |
| albinism | inherited inability to make melanin |
| vitiligo | loss of melanocytes in a region |
| tattooing is permanent because it injects the ink in the | dermis |
| name three things that can cause a tattoo to fade | sunlight, improper healing, lymphatic system flushing away the ink |
| what are three accessory structures apart of the integumentary system | hair, glands, nails |
| what are the cells that make up hair | fused keratinized cells |
| what are three main components of hair | root, shaft, follicle |
| what surrounds the follicles | plexus |
| what does the plexus contain | nerve endings sensitive to touch |
| what is the onion shaped structure at the end of the a haor follicle | hair bulb |
| what does the hair bulb contain | papilla |
| what does the hair papilla contain and what is their purpose | blood vessels that contain nourishment for the hair |
| what is the muscle that pulls on hair | arrector pili muscle |
| sebaceous glands secrete | sebum |
| ceruminous glands secrete | cerumen |
| sudoriferous glands secrete | sweat |
| what is the function of sebum | keeps from drying out prevents excessive evaporation of water |
| two types of sudoriferous glands and where are they found | eccrine - throughout most of the body and apocrine - in axilla the armpit and groin |
| what kind of cells are nails made out of | hard dead keratinized cells |
| where do new nail cells come from | nail matrix |
| epidermal wound healing occurs when damage is done where, what is responsible for healing here | epidermis, stratum basale cells |
| deep wound healing occurs when damage is done where, what is responsible for healing here | dermis and lower, fibroblast |
| four steps of epidermal healing | basal epithelial cells on edge detach from basement membrane move into wound and enlarge, adjacent basal cells slide into wound, stem cells divide and replace migrating cells, migrating cells meet grow and build new strata |
| visual signs of aging mostly happen where | dermis |
| what happens to collage fibers with aging | decrease |
| what happens to elastic fiber with aging | loss elasticity and thicken |
| what happens to fibroblasts with aging | decrease |
| what happens with melanocytes with aging | decrease |
| what is damage cause by excessive heat electricity uv light or chemicals | burns |
| what is the rule of nines used for | determine extent of burns |
| what is cancer | abnormal cell mass |
| benign cancer | does not spread |
| malignant cancer | metastasized (moves) |
| abcde stand for in preventing skin cancer | asymmetry border color diameter and evolution |
Created by:
sarahgunther
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