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Ch. 12 CVS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Describe the location of the heart: | Posterior to the sternum. |
| What is the name given to the pointed end of the heart? | Apex. |
| What is the name of the loose-fitting sac that encloses the heart? | Pericardium. |
| What is another name for the epicardium? | Visceral Pericardium. |
| What are characteristics of the myocardium: | 1. Bulk of heart wall 2. Made of cardiac muscle 3. Provides force to eject blood |
| Which of the following heart chambers receives deoxygenated blood from the body? | Right Atrium (RA) |
| The superior vena cava returns blood to the heart from the: | Head. |
| What is the partition that separates the right and left atria? | Interatrial Septum. |
| What is the name of the valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle? | Tricuspid Valve. |
| What is the name of the valve located in the right ventricle at the base of the pulmonary trunk? | Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (PSV) |
| What are the names of the two arteries that branch off the aorta to supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients? | Coronary arteries. |
| What are characteristics of the SA node: | 1. Pacemaker 2. Impulses without neural stimulation 3. Located in Right Atrium (RA) |
| Why is the heart's impulse delayed at the AV node? | The heart is filling with blood. |
| What is the correct pathway that the impulse takes through the ventricles? | Conduction Myofibers |
| One complete heartbeat is known as a/an: | Cardiac cycle. |
| Which of the following occurs when the ventricles are contracting? | Atrium relaxes. |
| What causes the "lubb" heart sound? | Closing of the Atrioventricular (AV) Valves. |
| How much blood is in the body of an adult male? | 5 to 6 L |
| What percentage of blood is made up of plasma? | 55% |
| What makes up the buffy coat? | White blood cells (WBCs) and platelets. |
| What are considered plasma proteins? | - Albumin - Globulin - Fibrinogen |
| What are the characteristics of erythrocytes? | - Biconcave disc shape - Produced in red bone marrow - Lack nucleus |
| What is the name of the stem cell from which blood cells develop? | Hemocytoblast. |
| What is the normal red blood cell count for an adult female? | 4 to 5.5 million mcL (microliter) |
| What is the function of erythropoietin? | Stimulates erythrocyte production. |
| What is necessary for red blood cell production? | 1. Iron 2. Vitamin B12 3. Folic Acid |
| What is necessary for the absorption of Vitamin B12 from the intestines? | Intrinsic factor. |
| What condition is caused by a lack of Vitamin B12 in the body? | Pernicious Anemia. |
| What is the lifespan of a red blood cell? | 120 days. |
| What is the name of the yellow pigment that results from the breakdown of red blood cells? | Bilirubin. |
| What is the function of leukocytes? | Fight against diseases. |
| The movement of leukocytes through a capillary wall and into the tissues is known as: | Diapedesis |
| What causes and increase in the number of neutrophils? | Acute infections. |
| Thrombocytes are also known as: | Platelets. |
| What are characteristics of thrombocytes: | 1. 150,000-400,000/microliter 2. Aids in clotting 3. Initiates formation of blood clots 4. Sticky |
| Thrombocytes develop from large cells known as: | Megakaryocytes |
| Which of the following is the first response of the body to a blood vessel injury? | Blood vessel constricts. |
| Which of the following converts fibrinogen to fibrin? | Thrombin. |
| What are characteristics of fibrin: | 1. Forms a mesh 2. Adheres to damaged tissues 3. Traps blood cells and platelets |
| What antigens are present in an individual with type AB- blood? | A and B antigens. |
| What antibodies are present in an individual with type A+ blood? | B antibodies. |
| Microscopic arteries are known as: | Arterioles. |
| The tunica media of an arterial wall consists of: | Smooth muscle. |
| Which of the following carries blood toward the heart? | Veins. |
| What is part of the of the pulmonary circuit? | Oxygen is picked up by the lungs. |
| What changes may take place as an individual ages? | 1. Left Ventricle (LV) smaller 2. Thickening of endocardium & valves 3. Valves becomes rigid, incompetent |
| Heart murmurs are caused by: | Faulty valves. |
| What are functions of blood: | 1. Transportation (oxygen and nutrients) 2. Regulation (body temperature) 3. Protection (carries hormones) |
| What is the function of the lymphatic system? | 1. Returns excess fluid to blood 2. Absorption of fats & fat-soluble vitamins 3. Defend against invading microorganisms & disease |
| Lymph is derived from: | Plasma. |
| What is the function of lymphatic vessels? | 1. Carry fluid away from the tissues 2. Return it to the venous system |
| What are characteristics of lymphatic organs: | 1. Cluster of lymphocytes 2. Mesh-like framework of connective tissue fiber 3. Contains macrophages |
| What are examples of lymphatic organs: | 1. Tonsils 2. Spleen 3. Thymus |
| What is the function of lymph nodes? | Filter and cleanse lymph before it enters the blood. |
| What is another name for pharyngeal tonsils? | Adenoids. |
| What is the function of the tonsils? | Protect against pathogens that enter the body through the mouth and nose. |
| What is the function of the spleen: | 1. Filters blood 2. Destroys old RBC’s 3. Reservoir for blood |
| What is a characteristic of the thymus? | 1. Soft-lobed organ 2. T lymphocytes maturation 3. Produces Thymusin |
| What is the term for the ability of the body to counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful substances? | Resistance. |
| Which of the following provides a defense against invading agents regardless of their nature? | Non-specific. |
| What is an example of non-specific defense mechanisms: | 1.In tact skin 2. Mucus membrane 3. Hydrolic avid |
| What are primary cells involved in immunity? | Lymphocytes and macrophages. |
| What is a characteristic of specific defense mechanisms? | Act against specific invading pathogens. |
| What is the name given to the type of immunity that is the result of T cell action? | Cell-mediated immunity |
| Cell-mediated immunity is most effective against: | 1. Virus-infected cells 2. Cancer cells 3. Fungi 4. Protozoan parasites |
| What is the term for a substance produced by the body that inactivates or destroys an invading antigen? | Antibodies. |
| What are characteristics of antibody-mediated immunity? | 1. B cells 2. Effective against bacteria & viruses 3. Allergic reactions |
| What type of antibody (immunoglobulin) is found in breast milk and provides immunity for the new born? | IgA |
| What type of antibody (immunoglobulin) is responsible for allergic reactions? | IgE |
Created by:
sagetheherb1
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