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BIO118 Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Enzyme that dissolves or breaks down blood clots: | Plasmin |
| Deepest layer of the pericardium also known as the innermost layer of the heart wall. | Visceral pericardium |
| Layer of the heart wall that is the thickest and contains cardiac muscle cells. | Myocardium |
| The left Atrioventricular (AV) valve is known as the ____ valve. | Bicuspid |
| A moving blood clot | Embolus |
| Oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via pulmonary veins where will it go next? | Left atrium |
| NOT a blood vessel connected to the right atrium: | Aorta |
| In the blood flow sequence, after crossing the tricuspid valve, blood should next enter the ____ next. | Right ventricle |
| WBC that stimulates inflammation and hemostasis. Release histamine and heparin to promote inflammation. | Basophil |
| NOT a blood vessel connected to the right atrium: | Aorta |
| Antibodies that destroy by binding to specific antigens and deactivating them. | B cells |
| Attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses and cancer cells. | NK cells |
| A mother breast feeding her child is an example of which type of immunity ? | Naturally acquired passive |
| If your physician administers antibiotics for a UTI, what type of immunity would that be ? | Artificially acquired passive. |
| You got chicken pocks when you were a child, and recovered. This is an example of what type of immunity? | Naturally acquired active |
| What is the function of blood? | Transports nutrients and waste |
| Red blood cell: | Erythrocyte |
| White blood cell that is an agranulocyte: | T-Lymphocyte |
| WBC that is the most abundant and first to respond to a bacterial infection: | Neutrophil |
| You are given the polio vaccination as a child. What kind of immunity is this an example of? | Artificially acquired active |
| In centrifuged blood, the top layer is called what? | Plasma |
| What is the main oxygen carrying molecule in blood? | Hemoglobin |
| WBC that stimulates inflammation and hemostasis by releasing histamine and heparin to promote inflammation: | Basophil |
| Average life span of a RBC: | 120 days |
| What is an abnormal heart sound caused by the back flow of blood through a faulty valve. Creates a "swooshing" sound. | Murmur |
| Middle layer of blood vessel. | Tunica Media |
| What connects one blood vessel to another? | Capillary |
| What is a Myocardial Infraction? | Heart attack |
| What blocks your blood from back flowing through your heart? | Valves |
| Accumulation of plaque in a blood vessel: | Atherosclerosis |
| word segment meaning "self" | Auto- |
| Word segment meaning "fluid" | Humor- |
| To join the cardiovascular system, lymph empties directly into the ___ veins. | Subclavian |
| What is a disease causing organism? | Pathogen |
| Main site of T-cell maturation: | Thymus |
| How does lymph move through the body? | Pressure from contracting skeletal muscles. |
| Main site of B-cell maturation? | Bone marrow |
| A bee stung you, now it is hard to breath. This is a kind of: | Immediate hypersensitivity reaction (type 1) |
| IgG passing from mother to fetus: | Naturally acquired passive immunity |
| Directly attack normal body cells that have been infected by foreign cells or viruses. | T cells |
| What blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? | Arteries |
| What blood vessel carries blood toward the heart? | Veins |
| Antibodies that destroy by binding to specific antigens and deactivating them. | B cells |
| You are feeling a little sick, and was prescribed antibiotics. What kind of immunity is this? | Artificially acquired passive immunity |
| The right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood. This route of circulation is called? | Cardiopulmonary (pulmonary) |
| The left side of the heart carries oxygenated blood. This route of circulation is called? | General (systemic) |
| Blood has just entered the right atrium. What structure will it travel through next on its way through the heart? | Tricuspid valve |
| Blood has just entered the left atrium. What structure will it travel through next on its way through the heart? | Bicuspid valve |
| Blood has just entered the right ventricle. What structure will it travel through next on its way through the heart? | Pulmonary valve |
| Blood has just entered the left ventricle. What structure will it travel through next on its way through the heart? | Aortic valve |
| Blood just entered the pulmonary arteries. What structure will it travel through next on its way through the heart? | Lungs |
| Oxygenated blood is traveling through heart what structure where will it travel before it reaches the bicuspid valve? | Left atrium |
| Genetically based anemia that involves mutant hemoglobin and abnormally shaped red blood cells: | Sickle cell |
| Long-term immunity is mainly a function of _____ lymphocytes. | Memory |
| A non-disease causing agent that stimulates an immune response: | Allergen |
| Autoimmune disease where antibodies attack insulin producing pancreatic cells: | Diabetes type 1 |
| What is blood composed of? | Plasma : carries nutrients, gases, hormones, and vitamins RBCs: Carry gases WBCs: fight infection Platelets: allow clotting |
| What are the two categories of WBCs? | Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and Agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes) |
| How does the RH factor affect pregnancy? | During the first pregnancy of an RH+ baby, and the mother is RH-, the mothers body will fight off antigens and build antibodies. If she has another pregnancy with a RH+ baby, her body will attack the fetus. |
| What is the medication given to a women that is RH- pregnant with a RH+ baby? | Rhogam |
| List and describe the two routes of circulation. | Cardiopulmonary: transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs. Systemic circuit (general): transports oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart, then to the body. |
| List and describe the three layers of the heart wall. | Epicardium : outermost layer (thin) Myocardium: middle layer, with cardiac muscle tissue (thick) Endocardium: innermost layer : forms inner lining of all heart chambers (thin) |
| Define systole and diastole. | Systole: contraction phase of heart Diastole: relaxation phase of heart |
| List and describe the three major blood vessels. | Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart Veins: Carry blood to the heart Capillaries: Connect arteries to veins. |
| What is the difference between active and passive immunity? | Active: Permanent immunity Passive: Temporary immunity |
| Explain what is meant by autoimmunity? List autoimmune disorders. | An attack by the immune system against own tissues. Examples: Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypersensitivity. |
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Ambar1108
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