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Tissues & Integument
Chapter 4 & 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 major types of tissue | epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous |
| What 3 things do tissues need to be viewed under a microscope? | fixed, sectioned, and stained |
| epithelial tissue | surface tissues; readily dividing cells held together by junctions; no blood vessels |
| connective tissue | cells separated by a nonliving matrix; most types have blood vessels; all types derived from mesenchymal tissue |
| Muscle tissue | contractile cells for movement |
| nervous tissue | communicative cells joined to each other and other body features |
| functions of epithelial tissue (6) | 1. Protection 2. Absorption 3. Secretion 4. Sensory reception 5. Excretion 6. Filtration |
| 3 special characteristics of epithelial tissue | 1. Polarity 2. Specialized contacts that fit closely together (tight junctions and desmosomes) 3. Connective tissue support |
| Apical Surface | upper free side exposed to the surface of cavity |
| Basal Surface | lower attached side that faces inwards toward the body |
| reticular lamina | deep basal lamina consisting of collagen fibers |
| Basement membrane | resists stretching and tearing; defines epithelial boundary |
| Simple squamous epithelium | single layer of thin, flat cells that is extremely thin and therefore easily damaged |
| examples of simple squamous tissue | kidney glomeruli, deep in lungs and capillary blood vessels |
| what is simple squamous epithelium good for? | absorption |
| Simple cuboidal epithelium | single layer of cube shaped cells |
| what is simple cuboidal epithelium good for? | absorption and secretion |
| examples of simple cuboidal epithelium | kidney tubules and ducts of glands |
| Simple columnar epithelium | single layer of tall cells with microvilli |
| what is simple columnar epithelium good for? | absorption and secretion |
| examples of simple columnar epithelium | lining of the digestive tract |
| stratified squamous epithelium | many layers of flat cells; older cells are near the surface and tend to be flatter |
| examples of stratified squamous epithelium | skin, oral cavity, anal cavity, vagina |
| Pseudo-stratified Columnar (ciliated) epithelium | single layer of tall cells with varying levels of nuclei that make the tissue appear layered; lined with cilia on top |
| example of pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium | lining of upper respiratory system |
| Transitional epithelium | multiple layers of cuboidal or columnar shaped cells; very stretchy |
| what happens to transitional epithelium during stretching? | cells flatten and cell layers appear to decrease |
| example of transitional epithelium | lines hollow organs of the urinary system |
| gland | One or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid called a secretion |
| endocrine gland | internally secreting ; ductless |
| exocrine gland | externally secreting |
| 3 parts of connective tissues | cells, matrix/ground substance, and proteins/fibers |
| what are the 3 proteins and fibers that make up connective tissues | collagen, reticular fibers, and elastin |
| collagen | most common; major structural protein of the body; similar to rope: flexible but doesn’t stretch much; tendons & ligaments |
| reticular fibers | thinner, branching, stabilize blood vessels |
| elastin | protein Elastin; “rarer”; not strong but easily stretch & resume original length; ex: lungs, interconnect vertebrae |
| 2 types of connective tissue | proper and support |
| 2 subtypes of proper tissue | loose and dense |
| types of proper loose connective tissue | adipose, areolar and reticular |
| types of proper dense connective tissue | regular and irregular |
| 3 types of supportive tissue | cartilage, bone and fluid |
| types of supportive cartilage tissue | hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic |
| loose tissue | (lots of matrix; hold things in place & store energy (fat)) - fibroblast cells spaced out by their secretions of collagen & elastin - contains blood vessels which nourish epithelium |
| function of loose connective tissue | connects skin to organs |
| adipose tissue | fat; cells enlarge w/ more fat & nucleus pushed to side, protects/insulates/stores energy |
| Areolar tissue | surrounds capillaries |
| reticular tissue | reticular fibers; lymph nodes, red bone marrow, liver, spleen |
| cartilage | chondrocyte cells surrounded by gel-like matrix and collagen; support & protect; avascular so heals slowly if damaged |
| hyaline | most common cartilage, smooth/clear matrix, ribs, end of growing bones |
| fibrocartilage | tough; intervertebral discs |
| elastic | stretch/recoil, little blood, lots of elastin |
| bone | rigid matrix; highly vascularized |
| fluid tissue | liquid matrix with no fibers |
| examples of fluid tissues | blood and lymph |
| avascular | characterized by or associated with a lack of blood vessels |
| endothelium | a thin membrane that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels |
| Lacunae | a gap or empty space |
| endothelium | provides a slick friction-less lining in lymphatic vessels and hollow organs |
| mesothelium | epithelium found in serous membranes, lining ventral body cavity |
| mucin | a complex glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted |
| goblet cells | accumulating mucin makes cells look like glass |
| mucous cells | mucin does not accumulate |
| simple glands | contain unbranched ducts |
| compound glands | contain branched ducts |
| 4 types of membranes | serous, mucous, synovial, and cutaneous |
| mucous membrane | line cavities & tubes that open to outside of the body |
| serous membrane | line body cavities without openings to the outside & secrete fluid to reduce internal friction |
| synovial membranes | line flexible joints |
| cutaneous membrane | skin |
| 3 types of muscle tissue | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
| skeletal muscle tissue | striated, voluntary movement; attached to bones |
| cardiac muscle tissue | striated, involuntary control; walls of the heart |
| smooth muscle tissue | no striations, involuntary; in walls of hollow organs |
| 2 types of neurons tissues | neurons and supporting cells |
Created by:
ojvalley
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