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Pol 221 exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Political institutions | The rules, laws, and organizations through which government functions |
| Comparative method | We use the variation among states and communities to explore and understand he broader forces at work in politics and government |
| Government | The set of authoritative institutions by which a geographically defined group people organizes itself to achieve their common goals |
| Politics | The process that people use to determine what their government will do |
| Public Policy | Consists of a governments decisions and actions that are designed to achieve common goal identified by the political process for that jurisdiction |
| Federalism | The structural (or constitutional) relationship between a national government and its constitutive states. Bigger central government |
| Unitary systems | Vesting power in the national government, leaving sub national (state & local) governments s administrative appendages that merely carry out national policies. Centralized power |
| Confederal system | Decentralized power, an institutional structure whereby the national government is subject to control of sub national, autonomous governments |
| National Supremacy Clause | Stipulates that the U.S. Constitution and national laws and treaties, “shall be the supreme law of the land…anything in Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.” |
| Commerce Clause | Congress has the power “to regulate commerce with foreign nations , and among the several states, and with Native American tribes. |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | Congress’s implied powers give the national legislative body authority to make all laws that shall be “necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers.” |
| Full Faith and Credit Clause | Requires the states to mutually accept one another’s public acts, records, and judicial proceedings |
| Privileges and Immunities Clause | Ensures that residents of one state not be discriminated against by another state when it comes to fundamental matter |
| 10th Amendment | Gives the states broad authority, stipulating, “The powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, not prohibited by it to the states, are served to the states respectively, or the people |
| How do people participate in government? | Voting, joining groups, lobbying, contacting officials, attending meetings, volunteering to campaigns, letter writing, public demonstrations, etc. |
| Referendum | A public vote on a statue or constitutional amendment that has already been considered by a state legislature or local government |
| Direct initiative | Allows a person or group to file a proposed bill w/ a state office & then collect signatures from voters to qualify the measures for a spot on the state ballot |
| Indirect initiative | The people petition to have an already written bill consider by the legislature |
| Recall | Allows a person or group to petition for a public vote to remove an elected official from office prior to when the officials term ends |
| Responsible party model | Parties should be ideologically consistent , they should present to voters a clear platform & a set of policies that are principle and distinctive |
| Functional party model | Parties change over time, their main goal is to wield power and acquire voters. Not that ideologically deep |
| Localism | Range of political philosophies which prioritize the local. Supports local production & consumption of goods, local control of government, and promotion of local history, local culture, and local identity |
| What are the drawback of localism? | Commons problem, allow for a slow filtering of ideas, can become an echo chamber (everyone in the town thinking & doing the same thing), access to resources and distributing those resources will be limited |
| What are some barriers to participation? | Transportation, voting day not being a national holiday, people cannot afford to take off work, registration deadlines, people may self-exclude if they think their vote does not matter |
| What were the arguments of the anti-federalists? | We’re worried about diminishment of liberty for individuals & states. The centralization of the new government will take personal liberties and states will be less important |
| What are forms of director democracy? | Referendum, recall, initiative |
Created by:
Madison.zeitunian
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