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Anat./Phys. Quiz
Unit 3 Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Integument means | to cover |
| The Integument system includes | skin, glands of the skin, hair, & nails |
| 2 Layers of the Skin | - Epidermis - Dermis |
| Epidermis | - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium - dead cells at the surface packed with tough protein (keratin) - lacks blood vessels - depends on the diffusion of nutrients from underlying connective tissue |
| Dermis | - connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis - composed mainly of collagen with elastic fibers, reticular fibers, and fibroblasts - well supplied with blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings - hair follicles and nail roots |
| Cells within Epidermis | - stem cells - keratinocytes - melanocytes - tactile (merkel) cells - dendritic (langerhans) cells |
| Stem Cells | - cell in the epidermis - undifferentiated cells that give rise to keratinocytes -in deepest layer (stratum basale) |
| Keratinocytes | - cell in the epidermis - great majority of epidermal cells - synthesize keratin |
| Melanocytes | - cell in the epidermis - occur only in stratum basale -synthesize pigment melanin that shields DNA from UV radiation - branched processes that spread among keratinocytes |
| Tactile/Merkel Cells | - cell in the epidermis - in basal layer - touch receptor cells associated with dermal nerve fibers |
| Dendritic/Langerhans Cells | - cell in the epidermis - macrophages originating in bone marrow that guard against pathogens -found in stratum spinosum and granulosum -stand guard against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens that penetrate skin |
| Layers of the Epidermis | - Stratum Basale - Stratum Spinosum - Stratum Granulosum - Stratum Lucidum - Stratum Corneum |
| Stratum Basale | -single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells & keratinocytes resting on basement membrane -melanocytes and tactile cells are scattered among stem cells &keratinocytes - stem cell division gives rise to keratinocytes that replace dead cells |
| Stratum Spinosum | - consists of several layers of keratinocytes - thickest stratum in most skin - deepest cells remain capable of mitosis - produce more and more keratin filaments which causes cell to flatten - dendritic cells found - |
| Stratum Granulosum | - consists of 3 to 5 layers flat keratinocytes - contain coarse dark-staining keratohyalin granules |
| Stratum Lucidum | - seen only in thick skin - thin translucent zone superficial to stratum granulosum - keratinocytes are densely packed with eleidin - cells have no nucleus or other organelles - zone has a pale, featureless appearance with indistinct boundaries |
| Stratum Corneum | - up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells - form durable surface layer surface cells flake off (exfoliate) - resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss |
| Hypodermis | type of connective tissue that is made up of thick skin & fat |
| Thick Skin | - found on palms, sole, & finger/toe surfaces - has sweat glands but no hair oil glands |
| Thin Skin | - everywhere else on body - has hair follicles, sebancous (oil) glands, & sweat glands |
| Skin Functions | - Resistance to trauma & infection - Vitamin D Synthesis - Sensation - Thermoregulation - Non-verbal communication - Other barrier functions |
| Resistance to Trauma & Infection | - type of skin function - uses keratin - uses acid mantle (skin has lower ph to prevent bacterial & fungal infections) |
| Other Barrier Functions | - types of skin functions - waterproofs - protects against UV Rays - protects against harmful chemicals |
| Vitamin D Synthesis | - type of skin function - skin completes 1st step - liver & kidneys complete the rest |
| Sensation | - skin function - skin is the most extensive sense organ |
| Thermoregulation | - type of skin function - skin has thermoreceptors - completes vasoconstriction/vasodialation |
| Non-verbal Communication | - type of skin function - examples include acne, birthmark, & scar |
| Epidermal Water Barrier | - forms between stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum - keeps skin hydrated and moisturized and prevents dehydration |
| Dermis | - connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis - composed mainly of collagen with elastic fibers, reticular fibers, and fibroblasts - well supplied with blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings - hair follicles & nail embedded |
Created by:
emmaleighow
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