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ANAPHY
Prelims Reviewer
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| how many bones does an adult person have | 206 |
| bones make up how many % of our weight | 14% |
| made of protein, collagen, and minerals, especially calcium | Bones |
| area where two or more bones join together | Joints |
| cushion for joints and bones | Cartilage |
| everyday movement of the body | Skeletal Muscles |
| connect muscles to bones | Tendons |
| connect bones to bones | Ligaments |
| bone-forming cell | Osteoblasts |
| resorb or break down bone | Osteoclasts |
| mature bone cell | Osteocytes |
| cells that form new bones and grow and heal existing bones. They release bone matrix that turns proteins into new tissue | Osteoblasts |
| cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling | Osteoclasts |
| responsible for bone maintenance | Osteocytes |
| What nutrients are bones made up of? | nutrients, such as calcium, protein, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D, potassium, and fluoride |
| produces new blood cells | Bone Marrow |
| type of bones that are longer than they are wide, supports the weight of the body and facilitates movement. | Long |
| type of bones that are about as long as they are wide, provides stability and some movement. | Short |
| type of bones that are somewhat flattened, and can provide protection, like a shield; flat bones can also provide large areas of attachment for muscles. | Flat |
| type of bones that are small and round bones that grow with tendons. | Sesamoid |
| type of bones that are have a fairly complex shape helps protect internal organs | Irregular |
| muscle responsible for heat; pumps blood to the heart | Cardiac Muscle |
| Average heart beat per minute | 62/100 |
| Average heart beat per day | 100,000 |
| muscle present throughout the body (stomach, intestine, etc.). Responsible for body movement like walking or running | Smooth Muscle |
| muscle attached to the bones and can be found in internal organs | Skeletal Muscle |
| imaginary line passing through the center of a body | Axial |
| The axial skeleton consists of ... | skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage |
| how many bones make up the skull | 22 |
| largest bone in human skull | Mandible |
| bones in the skull | Frontal Bone, Parietal Bone Occipital Bone, Temporal Bone Sphenoid Bone, Ethmoid Bone Maxillae , Zygomatic Bone Mandible |
| U-shaped bone in the neck which supports the tongue | Hyoid Bone |
| Vertebral formula | 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacral, and 1 coccyx bone |
| True Vertebrae | cervical thoracic, lumbar |
| topmost vertebra | Atlas |
| second cervical vertebra | Axis |
| shield-shaped bony structure that is located at the base of the lumbar vertebrae and that is connected to the pelvi | Sacrum |
| small triangle-shaped tailbone | Coccyx |
| the thoracic cage is composed of -- | thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum |
| how many ribs are there? true? false? | Ribs - 12 pairs, 24 total - 7 true ribs (directly connected to the sternum) - 5 false ribs (2 false ribs are called floating ribs) |
| the sternum is composed of -- | Manubrium Body Xiphoid process |
| the most superior portion of the sternum | Manubrium |
| attachment point for organs and large muscles that make the floor of the diaphragm | Xiphoid process |
| how many bones support the appendages | 126 |
| PECTORAL GIRDLE | Scapulae (shoulder blade) Clavicles (collar bones) |
| UPPER LIMB | Humerus - arm Ulna and Radius - forearm Carpal Bones - wrist Metacarpal Bones and Phalanges - hand |
| PELVIC GIRDLE | Hip bones - ilium, ischium, pubis |
| LOWER LIMB | Femur - thigh Patella - kneecap Tibia (smaller) and fibula (big) - leg Tarsal bones - ankle Metatarsal bones and phalanges - foot |
| All muscle tissues have 4 characteristics in common | excitability. contractility. extensibility, elasticity |
| – voluntary muscle of vertebrates – striated and anchored by tendons to bone – affects skeletal movement such as locomotion | Skeletal muscle |
| – striped appearance of certain muscle types – myofibrils are aligned to produce constant directional tension | Striated |
| – muscle movement not under conscious control – e.g. the beating of the heart | Involuntary muscle |
| – Involuntary muscle found within the intestines, throat, uterus, and blood vessel walls | Smooth muscle |
| – striated and involuntary muscle of the vertebrate heart | Cardiac muscle |
| covers the digestive system | Mesentery |
| covers the thoracic cavity, heart and lungs; needed to avoid attachment of organs | Peritoneum |
| slow food propagation that occurs in the large and small intestine | Segmentation Movement |
| occurs in the esophagus; faster | Peristaltic Movement |
| oral cavity, first part of the digestive tract | mouth |
| Responsible for chewing (mastication) | mouth |
| enzyme present in saliva; protein that helps the body break down carbohydrates | Amylase |
| chewed food mixed with saliva, swallowed food | Bolus |
| upper jaw of the skull; involved in the formation of the orbit, nose and palate, holds the upper teeth and plays an important role for mastication | Maxilla |
| throat; responsible for motility and swallowing | Pharynx |
| permits the passage of swallowed solids and liquids into the esophagus | Pharynx |
| elastic cartilage that protects the larynx from foods | Epiglottis |
| secretes saliva to moisten the mouth and throat | Uvula |
| muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach | Esophagus |
| contracts as it moves food into the stomach | Esophagus |
| valve that normally keeps food and stomach acid in the stomach and prevents the stomach's contents from regurgitating back into the esophagus | Gastroesophageal sphincter |
| digests food; produces enzymes (substances that create chemical reactions) and acids (digestive juices) | Stomach |
| partially digested food and digestive secretions; food mixed with gastric juice | Chyme |
| folds in the stomach that allows it to expand | Rugae |
| first part of the stomach, which is connected to the esophagus | Cardia |
| stores gas from digestion; holds food when the stomach is full | Fundus |
| prevents intestinal contents from reentering the stomach | Pylosis |
| closes at the end of the stomach | Pyloric sphincter |
| inner surface of the intestinal wall; functions for secretion, excretion, and absorption | simple columnar epithelium |
| produced by cells known as enterocytes that line the intestinal walls and form the brush border (carbohydrate digestion) | brush border enzyme |
| hormone that triggers motility of stomach | gastrin |
| hormone that will signal the stomach to stop the secretion of gastrin | enterogastrone |
| releases enterogastrone | Duodenum |
| absorption of protein/mineral | Jejunum and Ileum |
| responsible for processing indigestible food material (chyme) after most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine | Large Intestine |
| Absorbs water and salts Absorbs vitamins produced by abdominal bacteria Compact and eliminate feces | Large Intestine |
| first part of the large intestine; absorbs the water and electrolytes | Ascending colon |
| runs across the abdomen; absorbs water & salts | Transverse colon |
| primarily stores stool that will eventually empty into the rectum | Descending colon |
| runs the length of the large intestine | taenia coli |
Created by:
jayhellow
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