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Med Term Chap 15
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acetabulum | Rounded depression in the pelvis, which joins the femur, forming the hip joint |
| Acromion | Outward extension of the sholder bone forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle. |
| Articular cartilage | Thin layer of cartilage occurring at the ends of long bones and covering any part that comes together with another bone to form a joint. |
| Bone | Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. |
| Calcium | One of the mineral constituents of bone. |
| Cancellous bone | Spongy, porous, trabecular bone. |
| Cartilaginous tissue (cartilage) | Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. |
| Collagen | Dense connective tissue strands found in bone. |
| Compact bone | Hard, dense bone tissue. |
| Condyle | Knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint. |
| Crandial bones | Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal. |
| Diaphysis | Shaft or midportion of a long bone. |
| Disk | Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae. |
| Epiphyseal plate | Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton. |
| Epiphysis | Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate. |
| Facial bones | Lacrimal, mandible, maxillae, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic. |
| Fissure | Narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones. |
| Fontanelle | soft spot between the skull bones of an infant. |
| Foramen | Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels, nerves, or both enter and leave. |
| Fossa | Shallow cavity in a bone. |
| Haversian canals | Minute spaces filled with blood vessels. |
| Malleolus | Round process on both sides of the ankle joint. |
| Manubrium | Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle. |
| Mastoid process | Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear. |
| Medullary cavity | Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of the bone. |
| Metaphysis | The flared portion of a long bone, lying between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate. |
| Olecranon | Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow. |
| Osseous tissue | Bone tissue. |
| Ossification | Process of bone formation. |
| Osteoblast | Bone cell that helps form bone tissue. |
| Osteoclast | Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue. |
| Periosteum | Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue. |
| Pubic symphysis | Area of confluence of the two pubic bones. |
| Red bone marrow | Found in cancellous bone. |
| Ribs | These 24 elongated, curved bones form the bony wall of the chest. |
| Sella turcica | Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located. |
| Sinus | Hollow cavity within a bone. |
| Styloid process | pole-like process on the temporal bone. |
| Suture | Joint between bones, such as the skull. |
| Temporomandibular joint | Connection between the temporal base of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw. |
| Trabeculae | Supporting bundles of bony fibers in spongy bone. |
| Trochanter | Large process on lateral proximal aspect of the femur; attachment site for muscles and tendons. |
| Tubercle | Rounded process on bone |
| Vertebra | An individual backbone |
| Xiphoid process | Lower, narrow portion of the sternum. |
| Yellow bone marrow | Fatty tissue found in the diaphyses of long bones in older individuals. |
| Articulation | joint |
| Bursa | sac of fluid near a joint |
| Ligament | connective tissue binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint. |
| Suture joint | joint in which apposed surfaces are closely united; motion is minimal |
| Synovial cavity | space between bonesat a synovial joint |
| Synovial fluid | sticky fluid within the synovial cavity |
| Synovial joint | a freely moving joint |
| Synovial membrane | membrane lining the synovial cavity; produces synovial fluid |
| Tendon | connective tissue that binds muscles to bones. |
| Flexion | bending a limb |
| Extension | straightening out a limb |
| Abduction | movement away from the midline of the body |
| Adduction | movement toward the midline of the body |
| Rotation | circular movement around an axis |
| Dorsiflexion | decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends upward |
| Plantar flexion | the motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground; pointing the toes. |
| Supination | As applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm forward, or up. |
| Pronation | as applied to the hand and forarm, the act of turning the palm backward, or down. |
| Facia | fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles. |
| Insertion of a musle | connection of the muscle to a bone that moves |
| Origin of a muscle | connection of the muscle to a stationary bone. |
| Skeletal muscle | muscle connected to bones |
| Smooth muscle | muscle conneted to internal organs |
| Striated muscle | skeletal muscle |
| Visceral muscle | smooth muscle |
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