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Matise Government 1
Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First Amendment | speech religion press assembly petition |
| Government | the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies & laws Made up of those people who exercise the government's power. Those who have authority and control of the people |
| State of Nature | Life without a government |
| State | An independent political unit; more commonly known as nation, country, nation-state |
| sovereignty | the state's right to rule itself |
| citizenship | something you are born with. Becoming part of the nation. |
| allegiance | loyalty to one's country |
| government | the people and institutions with authority to establish and enforce public policies |
| public policy | any course of government action directed toward a national goal (protecting consumers, providing medical care) |
| legitimacy | when people accept the authority of the government and its right to lead them. |
| divine rights | royal power comes from God and no authority on earth could take it away. |
| social contract | first idea to acknowledge that people themselves had any rights or powers. People agreed to obey the government and pay taxes in exchange for protection of their natural rights. |
| Leviathan | Thomas Hobbes book that suggested that long before government developed, humans lived in a "state of nature" |
| state of nature | people had complete freedom to do as they pleased, provided they were powerful and resourceful enough to do so (only the strongest and fittest survived) |
| John Locke | believed people had "natural rights" to life, liberty and property. |
| four broad areas of government | social order, national defense, public service, social standards |
| politics | to fulfill their functions and carry out their responsibilities in the four broad areas of government, they must work through a process of conflict and compromise. |
| order in society | first responsibility of government. keeps the society orderly and peaceful |
| providing national defense | to protect the nation's sovereignty and security for its people. Includes negotiations, agreements and treaties with other nations |
| public services | public health, public safety, public transportation, public communications, public education, general warfare |
| social conflicts | range from arguments in a restaurant to riots in the street. |
| resolving social conflicts | government must be able to resolve disputes ranging from |
| unitary government | the central government has the authority over all political subdivisions within the state. There is essentially one government (Great Britain, France, Japan, China). It is very inflexible. |
| confederation | two or more independent states join together to achieve a common goal. Considered very unstable |
| federal system | political authority is divided between national or federal government and its political subdivisions . In the US these subdivisions are defined in the Constitution. The national government and the state governments are each granted some powers. |
| autocracy | rule by one person. The most common form is a monarchy. The ruler acquires his/her position through inheritance or family ties (kings, queens, princes, czars, sultans, empresses). |
| oligarchy | rule by a small group (China ~ ruled by a group of top Communist leaders) |
| democracy | rule by the people ~ selected by the adult citizen |
| absolute monarchy | total and unlimited power |
| limited monarchy | ruler's power can be checked by law |
| constitutional monarchy | rulers share authority with elected legislatures and must follow their country's laws and constitution. These monarchs are mostly ceremonial heads of state |
| dictatorship | acquire and maintain leadership in the state through fear and force, war, revolution |
| totalitarianism | a government in which rulers attempt to reshape the state, the people, and the society totally to conform to an idea or a plan. |
| direct democracy | "pure" democracy. All citizens have a chance to participate in government (attend public meetings, vote on legislation, and establish public policy). No nation currently has a direct democracy. |
| representative democracy (indirect democracy) | a form of government in which the people elect a relatively small group of citizens to represent them in making laws and establishing public policies |
| republic | any government in which the people exercise their political power through elected representatives, and no public offices are inherited. |
| To be a true democracy | a government must follow certain principles, or rules of conduct. |
| Individual worth | Americans can assume that each person knows what is best for himself or herself and generally has the right to make personal choices and decisions |
| civil liberties | the protections that the law gives to people's freedom of thought and actions |
| civil rights | the rights of citizens. Every individual has an equal chance to develop to his or her maximum capabilities without discrimination |
| rule by law | no person is above the law |
| limits on government | the Constitution of the United States sets limits to help ensure individual liberties and equality under the law |
| majority rule | people agree to abide by decisions on which more than half of them agree |
| minority rights | civil liberties such as freedom of speech, press, and assembly exist in part to permit minority groups to express their viewpoints. |
| jus soli (rights of the soil) | one's place of birth determines their citizenship |
| jus sanguinis (rights of citizenship by blood) | children born to American citizens while living or traveling abroad automatically become American citizens. |
| dual citizenship | citizenship in two countries |
| naturalization | The Constitution gives Congress the power to establish rules for granting US citizenship to someone who has not acquired it by birth. |
| collective naturalization | large group of people are granted citizenship at the same time. |
| expatriation | formally giving up citizenship voluntarily |
| resident aliens | a citizen of a foreign nation living permanently in the US, usually with the intention of becoming an American citizen |
| non-resident alien | plans to reside in the United States for a limited time only |
| illegal alien | people who enter the US without permission, usually to work or escape political troubles |
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