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PHYL 141
EXAM 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? | FRONTAL |
| Which directional term means farther from the midline? | LATERAL |
| Which subspecialty of anatomy deals with the study of structural changes associated with disease? embryology | PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY |
| The lungs are located in the | PLEURAL CAVITY |
| ATP is the body's energy currency derived from the mitochondria | TRUE |
| Which response shows the correct sequence of the structural levels of organization? | chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal |
| A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into | SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR |
| Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity? | DIAPHRAGM |
| The sternum is _____ to the heart | ANTERIOR |
| Which directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure? | DISTAL |
| In this phase, chromatin condenses into distinct chromosomes each held together by a centromere. | PROPHASE |
| The cells of the human body can differ in size and shape, and some can even alter their shape. This is an example of cellular diversity. | TRUE |
| Meiosis differs from mitosis in that meiosis involves ______ division(s), with replication of DNA _______. By the time that cells complete meiosis, they will consist of _______ chromosomes. | TWICE, ONCE, 23 |
| Which of the following amphipathic molecules form the cell’s bi-lipid membrane? | PHOSPHOLIPIDS |
| Which is NOT a characteristic of an organic compound?: | INCLUDES WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE |
| What organelles generate ATP through the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration? | MITOCHONDRIA |
| In this phase, centromeres split; chromatids (now called daughter chromosomes) are dragged by microtubules to opposite poles of the cell | ANAPHASE |
| The cytoplasm of a cell is made up of which of the following? | CYTOSOL AND ORGANELLES |
| In the diagram, which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell and is where the krebs cycle takes place? | F |
| Dietary glucose is transported into a cell against its concentration gradient with the aid of membrane proteins called Na+/glucose _____. | SYMPORTERS |
| Transcription takes place in the ________ with the help of the enzyme called ________ | NUCLEUS AND RNA POLYMERASE |
| In what part of a cell would you find most of a cell's genetic material? | NUCLEUS |
| The fatty acid tails of the lipid bilayer are _________ and therefore _________: | NON-POLAR, HYDROPHOBIC |
| Which image represents a linker protein? | D |
| The cell membrane structure is best described by the ______ of membrane structure. | FLUID MOSAIC MODEL |
| Which of the following organelles plays an important role in phagocytosis (a type of endocytosis), contains a variety of digestive enzymes, and has transport pumps that maintain an acidic pH inside the organelle? | LYSOSOMES |
| What type of endocytosis allows cells to "drink" (take up tiny droplets of extracellular fluid)? | PINOCYTOSIS |
| Most cells of the body are somatic cells, which are classified as ___________ because each cell contains the ____ number of chromosomes. In humans, this number is ________. | DIPLOID, 2N, 46 |
| A smoker is more prone to cough to try to remove foreign particles from their airway due to paralyzed ________. | CILIA |
| During this phase chromatids line up with their centromeres along the equatorial plane. | METAPHASE |
| Which provides energy for various cell functions? | ATP |
| The outermost electron shell of an atom is termed the _______ shell. | VALENCE |
| The random mixture or movement of molecules in a solution from an area of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is called: | DIFFUSION |
| What is the role of enzymes in a reaction? | Enzymes speed up a reaction without being altered or consumed |
| In the diagram which particles comprise the electron cloud? | C |
| Which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion through a membrane? | INCREASED SURFACE AREA |
| Which of the following would be an example of an anion? | CL- |
| The synthesis of complex molecules from smaller ones refers to: | ANABOLIC PROCESS |
| In the diagram, what pH value represents a basic solution? | 12 |
| In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of each element before the reaction and after the reaction: | STAYS THE SAME |
| This process indicates that at least as far as the blood cells are concerned, blood has the properties of what type of fluid? | SUSPENSION |
| An unpaired electron in the outer shell of an oxygen molecule is called a/an: | SUPEROXIDE FREE RADICAL |
| The primary source for ATP is the human body is | GLUCOSE |
| Which of the following solutions would cause hemolysis of red blood cells? | HYPOTONIC |
| A pH of 7.0 has ____ than a pH of 5.0. | 100 TIMES LESS ACIDIC |
| The energy needed to start a biological reaction is called: | ACTIVATION ENRGY |
| When two or more atoms share electrons instead of gaining or losing electrons ____ are formed. | COVALENT BONDS |
| What are the four most common elements in human bodies? | C,H,O,N |
| Which organ is located primarily in the Right Upper Quadrant? | LIVER |
| The science of body structures and the relationships among the structures is called: | ANATOMY |
| Equilibrium or balance in the body’s internal fluid environment is termed: | HOMEOSTASIS |
| Atoms and molecules are part of which level of organization in the human body? | CHEMICAL |
| The homeostasis of the body - controlled through a series of steps called a feedback system or feedback loop. ORGAN would frequently serve as the control center for a feedback system (remember, the control center evaluates the disruption to homeostasis | BRAIN |
| Which pair of terms could be used to describe the location of the nose when compared to the location of the eyes? | MEDIAL AND INFERIOR |
| Regulation of blood glucose in the body is an example of homeostasis. | TRUE |
| Your hunger at 6:00 AM prompts you to head towards breakfast. Which characteristic of living organisms best fits this activity? | RESPONSIVENESS |
| The four quadrant areas of the abdominopelvic cavity are used: | TO LOCATE PAIN |
| Which of the following sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives, and generates output commands? | CONTROL CENTER |
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