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anatomy/physchapter1

anatomy and physiology chapter 1 test review- rutgers

TermDefinition
anatomy deals with the structure of body parts' form and recognition
physiology deals with the function of body parts
tiny particles atoms
smaller than atoms subatomic particles
what forms molecules atoms
macromolecules made up of small molecules to combine and make this
cells with complex organisms organelles
tissues specialized cells with special functions
organs groups of different tissues
organ system groups of different tissues that function together
organism interacting organ system
all living things consist of cells
internal environment something inside the body where cells live
homeostasis to maintain a constant environment or balance
movement of air from high to low pressure gradient
movement from high to low(diffusion) concentration gradient
Process: movement function:/in/external change in position skeletal and muscular systems
process: responsiveness function: reaction to change internally or externally nervous system and skin cell receptors
process: growth function: increase in body size and change in shape endocrine and all systems
process: reproduction function: production of new cells and new organisms reproductive system
process: respiration function: obtain O2, remove CO2, release energy from food respiratory system
process: digestion, absorption, and assimilation(replenishing what was lost) function: breakdown food into simple sugars, passage of food into blood, change subs into chemically different forms digestive system
process: circulation of fluids function: blood/lymph circulatory and lymphatic systems
Process: excretion and urination function: removal of waste due to a metabolic reaction excretory and urinary systems
Why is water needed in life? needed for metabolism, transport, and body temp
needed for energy, water source, materials to build cells, regulation of reactions why food is needed in life
Why is oxygen needed in life? needed for release of energy from foods
Why is heat needed in life? Controls reaction Heat= faster cold=slower
ecto/endo therms what digests food faster than the other endotherms
Why is pressure needed in life? needed for breathing and blood pressure
to balance and monitor internal and external temp homeostasis of receptors
specific point, 98.6, 80-100 ml/dl homeostasis of set point
cause responses to alter in internal environment to return to body homeostasis of effectors
Change in environment affects temp which sends message to CONS to send another message to the effector negative feedback
What happens if calcium levels get to high or low Too high thyroid releases calcitonin and too low parathyroid releases PTH
set point BP 120/80
superior above other
inferior below other
anterior towards the front
posterior towards the back
medial midline of body
lateral towards the sides , away from midline
bilateral paired structures
ipsilateral structures on same side
contralateral structures on opp sides
proximal part closest to point of attachment
distal part farthest away from point of attachment
superficial near the surface
deep internal parts
sagittal cut body from head to foot
midsaggital divide body into L and R halves
transverse cuts body superior/inferior
frontal cuts body anterior/posterior
Four Quadrants LUQ, RUQ, LLQ, RLQ
head, neck, trunk, cranial cavity, vertebral canal/spinal cavity Axial portion
Upper/lower limbs appendicular portion
seperated by abdominal cavity by diaphragm thoracic cavity
found between left and right of thoracic. Heart, trachea, esophagus, and thymus gland mediastinum
liver, spleen, galbladder, kidneys, small and large intenstine abdominal
end of large intenstine, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs pelvic
teeth and tongue oral cavity
connects with air filled sinuses nasal cavity
contains eyes, skeletal muscles, and nerves orbital cavity
ossicles middle ear cavities
lines the walls of abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities fold back to cover the organs serous membrane
covers the lungs pleural membranes
covers the heart pericardial membranes
Created by: frazzettot
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