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CAOHC Anatomy
anatomy vocab for CAOHC
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acoustic trauma | immediate, permanent hearing loss due to a very loud event such as an explosion or a very noisy process such as riveting |
| asymmetric hearing loss | a hearing loss that is significantly worse in one ear |
| audiogram | graph displaying the audible threshold in hearing level (HL) for standardized sound frequencies measured with an audiometer |
| auditory nerve (eighth cranial nerve) | nerve conveying sound signals from the inner ear to the brain |
| auricle (pinna) | external ear |
| cerumen | commonly known as ear wax, cerumen helps lubricate the skin, discourage bacterial growth, and prevents foreign objects such as insects from entering the ear canal |
| cochlea | sensory or end organ for hearing in the inner ear. it is a snail shaped membrane connected to the vestibular organ |
| concha | small cavity at the outer edge of the ear canal |
| conductive hearing loss | hearing loss in which there is an attenuation of sound received at the inner ear due to a breakdown of obstruction in the transmission system in the external or middle ear |
| council for accreditation in occupational hearing conservation (CAOHC) | recognized US authority on training occupational hearing conservationists, course directors, and professional supervisors of the audiometric monitoring program |
| ear canal | the tube extending the outer ear (pinna) to the middle ear (tympanic membrane/eardrum) also called the external auditory meatus |
| eardrum (tympanic membrane) | located at the end of the external auditory canal, is a very thin, semi-translucent barrier separating the outer ear from the middle ear also |
| endolymph | one of two types of fluid in the inner ear |
| eustachian tube | tube connecting the middle ear with the back of the nose and throat (nasopharynx) |
| hair cells | delicate sound receptors in the cochlea that convert sound to a nerve signal that travels to the brain. they do not regenerate after being damaged |
| incus | one three bones (ossicles) in the middle ear that conduct sound vibrations from the eardrum into the inner ear (anvil) |
| inner ear | the chamber behind a bony wall forming the innermost side of the middle ear. it contains the oval window, round window, cochlea, and semicircular canals |
| malleus | one of three bones (ossicles) in the middle ear that helps conduct sound vibrations from the eardrum into the inner ear (hammer) |
| membranous labyrinth | the delicate membranous system that contains the inner ear structures |
| meniere's disease | sensorineural hearing loss associated with a buildup of fluid in the inner ear |
| middle ear | area of the ear between the external ear and the inner ear, where the ossicles are located (tympanic cavity) |
| nasopharynx | back of the nose and throat |
| noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) | hearing loss due to over exposure to noise |
| OHC | occupational hearing conservationists |
| organ of corti | organ of hearing attached to the membranous labyrinth and is made up of sensory cells (hair cells) and supporting cells |
| ossicles | three bones in the middle ear that helps conduct sound vibrations from the eardrum into the inner ear |
| otic capsule | densest bone in the body, houses the cochlea and has two membrane-covered openings, the oval window and the round window |
| otitis externa | infection of the tissue in the outer ear (swimmer's ear) |
| otitus media | infection of the middle ear |
| otolith organs | organs in the vestibule of the inner ear that are sensitive to gravity and linear acceleration. saccule gives information about vertical acceleration and the utricle gives information about horizontal movement |
| otosclerosis | new growth of spongy bone material in the middle ear. causes conductive hearing loss |
| otoscope | small, hand-held instrument that illuminates and magnifies the image of the ear canal walls and tympanic membrane |
| ototoxic agents | chemical agents can compound the damaging effect of noise on the hair cells of the chochlea |
| outer ear | external ear is made up of the pinna and the ear canal. terminates at the tympanic membrane |
| oval window | an opening in the bony wall forming the innermost side of the middle ear. it is the pressure-release mechanism that responds to vibrations initiated by the stapes and spread throughout the inner ear |
| perilymph | one of two types of fluid in the inner ear |
| presbycusis | age related hearing loss which typically begins in the high frequencies and progresses into the lower frequencies affecting the ability to hear and understand speech |
| PS | professional supervisor of the audiometric monitoring program |
| round window | opening in the bony wall forming the innermost side of the middle ear below the oval window. pressure-release mechanism that responds to vibrations initiated by the stapes and spread throughout the inner ear |
| semicircular canals | three interconnected tubes that assist in space orientation and balance |
| sensorineural hearing loss | hearing loss resulting from changes in the receptor hair cells in the inner ear or in the nerves carrying impulses to the brain |
| speculum | otoscope's detachable tip |
| stapes | one of three bones (ossicles) in the middle ear that helps conduct sound vibrations from the eardrum into the inner ear (stirrup) |
| stereocilia | hair like projections on the top of the hair cells of the inner ear that deflect in response to movement of the fluid in the inner ear |
| temporal bone | bony segment of the skull surrounding the internal two-thirds of the ear canal |
| tinnitus | often accompanies both temporary permanent hearing loss from noise and other types of sensoineural hearing loss. ringing in the ear, a sign that the sensory cells in the inner ear have been irritated, precursor to noise-induced hearing loss |
| tonotopically | specific frequency sound wave cause movement of a specific portion of the cochlea which in turn leads to a specific pitch perception |
| tympanic cavity | middle ear space that houses the three bones of the ossicular chain |
| valsalva maneuver | procedure in which you hold your nose and blow into it to open your Eustachian tube (make your ears pop) equalizing pressure on either side of the eardrum |
| vestibular schwannoma | benign tumor that grows along the cochlear nerve |
| vestibular system | sensory system that, along with the cochlea, makes up the inner ear. responsible for balance and spatial orientation |
| vestibule | part of the inner ear, along with the semicircular canals, that make up the vestibular system. contains two otolith organs that detect linear movement |
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