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BIO141 Terminologies
E-N
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gan- | bright. |
| ganoid | a shining bony scale. |
| ganglion | a swelling > a group of cell bodies outside the central nervous system. |
| gastr- | a belly, a stomach; the digastric muscle has two bellies. |
| gastralia | ventral abdominal ribs. |
| gastrula | a little stomach > a stomachlike embryo. |
| gen- | origin. |
| genio- | chin. |
| genotype | the specific assortment of genes. |
| geniculate ganglion | a kneelike bend of facial nerve; see genu. |
| genu | knee. |
| geo- | earth. |
| glans | acorn > the tip of the penis. |
| glenoid | resembling the socket. |
| glia | glue. |
| glomerulus | a little glomus (ball or skein) > a tiny plexus of blood vessels. |
| gloss- | tongue. |
| gnath- | jaw. |
| gon- | seed > generatire, as in glucagon (giving rise to glucose). |
| gonad | the source of gametes. |
| gracilis | slender |
| gubernaculum | a rudder > a governor, as the ligament that (partly) governs the position of the testis. |
| gula | throat. |
| gular fold | a fold at the throat of some tetrapods. |
| gustatory | related to gustation (taste). |
| gymn- | naked. |
| gyrus | a ridge between grooves. |
| haem-, hem- | blood. |
| hallux | great toe. |
| hamate | having a hook. |
| hamulus | a little hook. |
| helico- | helix, spiral. |
| hemi- | half; equal to demi-. |
| hemopoiesis | formation of blood. |
| hepat- | liver. |
| hept- | seven. |
| herbivore | an animal that devours grasses (herbs). |
| hetero- | other, different; opposite to homo-. |
| heterodont | having different kinds of teeth. |
| hex- | six. |
| hilum | a small notch. |
| hipp- | horse. |
| hist- | tissue. |
| histogenesis | the formation of a tissue. |
| holo- | entire, whole. |
| holonephros | a kidney extending the length of the coelom. |
| hom-, homeo-, homo-, homoio- | like, similar. |
| homeostasis | maintenance of a constant internal environment. |
| homeotherm | an animal that maintains a steady body temperature despite ambient (surrounding) temperature; an endotherm. |
| homodont | teeth all alike. |
| hyaline | clear, glassy. |
| hyoid | shaped like the Greek capital letter upsilon (υ). |
| hyostyly | see -styly. |
| hyp-, hypo- | under, below, less than ordinary. |
| hypaxial | below a given axis. |
| hypophysis | a growth under the brain; the pituitary body. |
| hypural | a bone below the urostyle of fishes. |
| hyper- | above, beyond the ordinary. |
| hypso- | height. |
| ichthy- | fish. |
| -iform | having the shape of. |
| ileo- | pertaining to the ileum of the intestine. |
| ilio- | pertaining to the ilium of the pelvis. |
| impar | unpaired. |
| in- | not. |
| innominate | not named. |
| incus | an anvil. |
| infra- | beneath, under. |
| infundibulum | a little funnel. |
| inguen | the groin. |
| inguinal | in the region of the groin. |
| inter- | between. |
| intercalary plate | part of neural arch between neural plates in fishes. |
| interrenal | steroidogenic tissue between the kidneys. |
| intra- | within. |
| intramembranous | within a membrane. |
| intrasegmental | within a segment. |
| ipsi- | the same. |
| ipsilateral | on the same side. |
| irid- | rainbow. |
| irides | pl. for irises. |
| iridophore | a pigment cell containing refractory bodies that result in iridescence. |
| iris | see irid. |
| ischi- | hip, pelvis. |
| iso- | equal, alike. |
| isolecithal egg | an egg having even distribution of yolk. |
| -issimus | a superlative ending; the longissimus dorsi is the longest muscle of the back. |
| iter | Roman road > passageway. |
| -itis | inflammation of. |
| jejunum | empty; part of intestine that is often empty at death. |
| juga- | yoke > something that joins; the jugal bone in mammals is a yoke uniting maxilla and temporal bones. |
| jugular | pertaining to the neck. |
| juxta- | next to, near. |
| juxtaglomerular | near glomeruli. |
| kat- | down; same as cat-. |
| keratin | from the Greek word meaning horn; a relatively insoluble substance in cornified cells. |
| kinetic | capable of moving. |
| labium | lip. |
| labyrinth | a maze. |
| labyrinthodont | an early tetrapod with greatly folded dentin in the teeth. |
| lac-, lact- | milk. |
| lacrimal | pertaining to tears; from lachrymal (a teardrop). |
| lacuna | a lake. |
| lag- | here. |
| lagena | a flask > flask-shaped part of inner ear. |
| lambdoidal | having the shape of the Greek letter lambda (λ). |
| lamella | a thin plate. |
| lamina | a thin sheet, plate, or layer. |
| laryng- | larynx. |
| latissimus | the broadest; see -issimus. |
| lecith- | yolk. |
| lemmo- | sheath or envelope. |
| lemur | from a word meaning a nocturnal being or ghost. |
| lepid-, lepis-, lepo- | scale, husk. |
| Lepisosteus | a ganoid fish with bony scales. |
| lepto | weak, thin, delicate. |
| leuco-, leuko- | white, colorless. |
| levator | that which elevates or raises. |
| lien- | spleen. |
| lingua | the tongue. |
| lip- | fat. |
| liss- | smooth. |
| lith | stone. |
| longissimus | the longest; see -issimus. |
| lopho- | ridge, crest. |
| lumbar | pertain to the loinsl the region of the vertebral column just cephalad to the sacrum. |
| lumen | light > an opening that light can pass through the cavity in a tube. |
| lunar, lunate | moon shaped. |
| luteo- | yellow. |
| macula | a spot. |
| magnus, -a, -um | large. |
| malleus | a hammer. |
| mandibula | a jaw. |
| manu- | hand. |
| manubrium | a handle. |
| marsupium | a pouch. |
| mastoid | like a breast (mast-). |
| mater | mother. |
| maximus, -a, -um | largest. |
| meatus | a canal or passageway. |
| medulla | bone marrow. |
| medulla spinalis | the marrow of the backbone > spinal cord. |
| meg- | great, very large. |
| melan- | dark, black. |
| melanophore | bearing (-phore) dark pigment. |
| meninx (pl. meninges) | a membrane. |
| mento- | chin. |
| mental foramen | foramen on mandible near chin. |
| -mer- | a segment, a part, one of a series. |
| mes- | middle, midway, intermediate. |
| mesaxonic foot | one in which the weight-bearing axis passes through the middle toe. |
| mesenchyme | a tissue (enchyme) that is not yet differentiated. |
| mesentery | associated with the midline of the enteron. |
| mesonephros | an intermediate kidney. |
| met- | after, succession, change, behind. |
| metacarpal | a bone distal to a carpal. |
| metamere | one of a series of segments. |
| metamorphosis | change in form. |
| metanephros | hindmost kidney. |
| mimetic | capable of mimicking; having the characteristics of a mime. |
| mitral | refers to a bishop’s miter or headdress; the mitral valve is the bicuspid valve of the mammalian heart. |
| mono- | one. |
| monotreme | a mammal with one caudal opening. |
| morph- | shape, structure, form. |
| morphogenesis | development or form. |
| morphology | study of form; anatomy. |
| morula | a mulberry. |
| myel- | marrow. |
| myelencephalon | the marrow inside the skull > the medulla |
| myelin | fatty material. |
| mylo- | from a word meaning a millstone. |
| mylohyoid | a muscle attached near the grinding teeth. |
| myo-, mys- | muscle. |
| myocardium | muscle of heart. |
| myomere | one of a series of muscle segments. |
| myotome | part of somite giving rise to muscle. |
| neo- | new, recent. |
| nephr- | kidney. |
| nephrogenic | giving rise to kidney. |
| nephron | a functional kidney unit. |
| nomen- (pl. nomina) | name. |
| noto- | back. |
| notochord | cordlike skeleton of the back. |
| nuchal | refers to the nape of the neck. |
| e- | without. |
| Edentata | an order of mammals lacking teeth. |
| ect- | outer. |
| ectopterygoid | the outer pterygoid bone. |
| ectotherm | an animal whose temperature varies with the environment. |
| -ectomy | ex- (out of) + tome (cut), an in appendectomy. |
| ectopic | ex- (out of) + topo- (place). |
| ectopic pregnancy | a pregnancy in which the fetus is implanted elsewhere than in the uterus. |
| ef- | variant of ex-. |
| efferent | that which carries away from; efferent branchial arteries carry blood out of the gills. |
| elasmo- | plate. |
| elasmobranch | with gills composed of flat plates. |
| -ella | a diminutive, as inn columella. |
| en- | in, into. |
| encephalon | the brain, a structure in the head. |
| endo- | within, inner; see also ento-. |
| endochondrial | within cartilage. |
| endolymph | the lymph within the membranous labyrinth. |
| endomysium | endo + mys. |
| endotherm | an animal that maintains a relatively constant body temperature regardless of environmental fluctuations. |
| enteron | the gut. |
| ento | within, inner; see also endo-. |
| entoglossal | within the tongue. |
| ep-, epi- | upon, above, over. |
| epaxial | above an axis. |
| ependyma | an outer garment > the membrane covering the part of the central nervous system exposed to the neurocoele. |
| epididymis (pl. epididymides) | a structure lying on the testis (didym-) |
| epiglottis | a skeletal flap over the glottis. |
| epimere | dorsal mesoderm. |
| epimysium | epi + mys (muscle). |
| epiphysis | epi + physis, pineal complex. |
| epiploic | relating to greater omentum (the epiploon) |
| epithelium | a surface layer of cells. |
| epitrichium | epi + trich- (hair), a temporary layer of epidermal cells overlying the hair of fetal mammals. The mammalian periderm. |
| erythro- | red. |
| eso- | carrier. |
| esophagus | carrier of substances that have been eaten (phag-). |
| estr- | female. |
| ethmoid | sievelike. |
| eu- | true. |
| eury- | wide. |
| euryhaline | able to live in waters with a wide range of salinity (halo-). |
| ex-, exo- | out, out of, away from, outer. |
| excurrent pore | a pore for the exit of a current of water. |
| exoskeleton | a skeleton in the skin. |
| extra- | beyond, outside of. |
| extraembryonic | outside of the embryo. |
| falciform | shaped like a sickle. |
| fascicle | a bundle. |
| fauces | throat. |
| fenestra | a window > an aperture. |
| -ferent, -ferous | carrying, an in afferent. |
| fil | thread. |
| fimbria | fringe. |
| foramen | a small opening, usually transmits something. |
| foramen magnum | the large foramen in the occipital region. |
| fore- | before, in front. |
| forearm | the part of the arm before the upper arm. |
| fossa | a pit, cavity, depression, vacuity. |
| fovea | a small pit; site of most acute vision in retina. |
| frenulum | a little bridle > the membrane that bridles (ties) the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity. |
| frug- | fruit. |
| frugivore | a fruit eater. |
| fundus | the bottom of a cavity. |
| fusiform | spindle shaped. |
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