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Chapter 1 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1) What's Anatomy 2) What are the two parts of anatomy? | 1) study of Body structure 2) Gross anatomy - seen with unaided eye Microscopic anatomy - study of structure at cell and tissue level |
| What's Physiology | Study of body function |
| humans have the smallest bones in our | ears |
| ana | up or apart |
| tomos | to cut |
| structure determines. . . | function |
| histology | study of tissue |
| cytology | study of individual cells |
| Regional anatomy | all structures in one part of the body |
| Systemic anatomy | gross anatomy of the body studied by system |
| Surface anatomy | study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin |
| Developmental Anatomy | traces structural changes throughout life |
| embryology | study of developmental changes of the body before birth |
| comparative anatomy | comparing organs or organ systems to other animals ( humans to monkeys/lions ) |
| chemical structural organization | atoms combined to form molecules |
| cellular structural organization | cells are made of molecules |
| tissue structural organization | consists of similar types of cells |
| organ structural organization | made up of different types of tissues |
| organ system of structural organization | consists of different organs that work closely together |
| organismal structural organization | made up of the organ systems ( an organism ) |
| Levels of Structural Organization | chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal |
| pathology | study of disease |
| How many cells are in the human body? | 100 trillion |
| cells need the correct amount of | oxygen, nutrients, waste removal, heat, and ions |
| integumentary system structures | skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands |
| integumentary system functions | Protection Homeostasis of body temp Excretes wastes Perceive environment stimuli Vitamin D producer (UV light) |
| skeletal system structures (206) | bones, cartilage, ligaments |
| skeletal system functions | Protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles can use to create movement; stores minerals; removes some poison from blood; stores minerals |
| bones contain | 99% of the body's store of calcium |
| muscular system structures | 600+ muscles in the body |
| Muscular system function | locomotion, manipulation of the environment/objects, thermogenesis ( generation of heat ), maintaining posture |
| muscular system consists of | skeletal muscles only and tendons ( muscles can only pull tendons and bones together, never push ) |
| muscular movement | contraction of fibers |
| nervous system structures | brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves |
| nervous system functions | fast-acting control system of the body; monitoring the internal and external environment and responding by initiating muscular / glandular activity |
| nervous system abilities | sensing and response to stimuli, ability to reason, memory, emotions, integrates body systems |
| anatomical position is used when | you are looking at someone; always used as reference point; when talking about someone else you use their rights and lefts |
| cardiovascular system structures | Heart, Blood Vessels (Veins, arteries, capillaries) |
| cardiovascular system functions | the heart pumps blood through the blood vessels; blood provides the transport medium for nutrients ( glucose, amino acids, lipids) , gases ( O2, CO2 ) and waste; signaling molecules ( hormones) , and heat |
| respiratory system structures | oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, larynx, and diaphragm |
| respiratory system function | constantly supply the blood with O2, and removes CO2; regulates blood pH (AKA exchange O2 and CO2; voice and verbal communication) |
| digestive system structures | stomach, small and large intestine, liver, pancreas ( tongue and teeth) |
| digestive system functions | ingestion and subsequent breakdown of food into absorbable units that will enter the blood for distribution to the body's cells; Make food diffusible to the blood, for use by cells |
| urinary system structures | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| urinary system functions | removal of nitrogenous wastes; regulation of body's levels of water, electrolytes, and acidity |
| reproduction systems structures | female= ovary, uterine tube, uterus, cervix, vagina male= testes, scrotum, epididymis, urethra, prostate gland, penis |
| reproduction system functions | the production of offspring |
| 2 categories of reproduction systems | cytogenic= cell producing (gametes) (used for reproduction) endocrinic= hormone-producing (testosterone/estrogen) |
| endocrine system structures | pituitary gland, thyroid, thymus, pineal, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas |
| endocrine system functions | produces chemical hormones; long term control system of the body and regulates growth; reproduction; nutrient use |
| lymphatic/immune system structures | lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, red bone marrow |
| lymphatic/immune system functions | returning "leaked" fluid back to the blood stream; disposal of debris; attacking and resisting foreign invaders (pathogens) |
| anatomical position | body erect, feet on the floor and spread, head and palms facing forward (standard position) |
| medial/lateral | toward the midline/away from the midline |
| superficial/deep | near the body surface / inward, away from body surface |
| proximal/distal | closer to trunk/further from trunk |
| superior (cephalic) /inferior (caudal) | toward the head / toward the feet |
| anterior (ventral) /posterior (dorsal) | front and back |
| sagittal plane (midsagittal) | leads to a sagittal section cut separating body into equal right and left halves ( right to left ) |
| Frontal plane (coronal) | cut to produce front or rear proportions that leads to a frontal section (front to back) |
| transverse plane | leads to cross section, cut in a horizontal direction ( up and down ) |
| dorsal body cavity | Cranial Cavity Spinal Cavity |
| ventral body cavity | contains the thoracic cavity, the diaphragm, and the abdominopelvic cavity |
| cranial cavity | contains the brain |
| spinal cavity | contains the spine |
| thoracic cavity | contains the heart and the lungs |
| abdominopelvic cavity | contains the stomach, liver, intestines, reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum |
| diaphragm | divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| mediastinum | lies between the lungs, the sternum-anterior bone, and spinal vertebrae |
| pericardial | the small cavity within the thoracic cavity that contains the heart |
| left pleural cavity | contains the left lung |
| right pleural cavity | contains the right lung |
| found in the right hypochondriac | liver, gallbladder, right kidney, small intestine |
| found in the epigastric region | liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen |
| found in the left hypochondriac | spleen, colon, left kidney, pancreas |
| found in the right lumbar | liver, gallbladder, colon |
| found in the umbilical | small intestine, umbilicus |
| found in the left lumbar | colon, left kidney |
| found in the right iliac | appendix, cecum |
| found in the hypogastric | urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, female reproductive organs |
| found in the left iliac | descending colon, sigmoid colon |
| homeostasis | the maintenance of internal environment conditions |
| the two processes of metabolism | catabolism and anabolism |
| catabolism | breaking down food or other substances |
| anabolism | building of other substances |
Created by:
DSM
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