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Ch 1 Anatomy
The Human Body: An Orientation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
anatomy | the study of the structure and shape of the human body and its parts |
gross anatomy | large structures, easily observable (ie. shape, color, location) |
microscopic anatomy | very small structures, can only be viewed by a microscope |
physiology | the study of how the body and its parts function and work together |
relationship between anatomy and physiology | structure determines function |
chemical level | what atoms and molecules make up the body, smallest observable level |
cellular level | smallest living structure, cells are the basic unit of life |
tissue level | similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function, make up organs (ie. muscle, bone) |
organ level | many types of tissues that work together to form and organ (ie. stomach, liver, lungs) |
organ system level | organs that perform similar tasks and work together (ie. respiratory, cardiovascular) |
organism level | several organ systems |
integumentary system | forms external covering of body, protects deeper tissues from injury |
skeletal system | protects and supports body organs, provides muscle attachment for movement |
muscular system | allows movement, maintains posture, produces heat |
nervous | fast-acting control system, the "master" |
endocrine system | second and slower control system, secretes regulatory hormones for growth, metabolism, reproduction, etc. |
cardiovascular (circulatory) system | transports materials throughout body via blood being pumped by the heart |
lymphatic system | returns fluids to blood, disposes of debris, involved in immunity |
respiratory system | keeps blood supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide |
digestive system | breaks down food for nutrient absorption by blood, eliminates indigestible materials via excretion |
urinary system | eliminates nitrogenous wastes, maintains acid-base balance, regulates water and electrolytes |
reproductive system | production of offspring |