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Unit 1

Introduction to Government

Compromise A pillar of democracy in which decision making is a give and take among many competing interests.
Citizenship A pillar of democracy in which people possess duties that they must fulfill and also have responsibilities that they are encouraged to do.
Oligarchy A type of dictatorship where all power is possessed by a small group.
Theocracy A authoritarian government that is run by religious leaders.
Absolute Monarchy An authoritarian government where a King or Queen is unrestrained by law.
Constitutional Monarchy A government where a King or Queen is restrained by written laws.
Direct Democracy A government where the laws and decisions are made through a vote by the people.
Communism A planned economy where society collectively shares all property, resources, and production.
Socialism A planned economy where property is taken over by the State who directs resources and production.
Capitalism A market economy where individuals privately own property, resources, factories, machinery, etc.
Planned Economy When production, distribution, and consumption in society are determined by the State or government officials.
Unitary System A political system where a central government possesses all of the power and the authority to govern a nation.
Confederal system A political system where States or regions have the power and authority to govern a nation.
Mixed Economy When production, distribution, and consumption in society are determined by markets, individuals, and government
Federal System A political system where a central government AND States or regions share the authority to govern a nation.
Traditional Economy When production, distribution, and consumption in society are determined by a group's beliefs, customs, and culture.
Constitution A written plan of government.
Autocracy A type of dictatorship where all power is possessed by a single person.
Presidential System When people elect the head of government.
Parliamentary System When the majority party in the Legislative Branch chooses the head of government.
Majority Rule A pillar of Democracy in which decisions are made when more than half of the people agree to it.
Minority Rights A pillar of democracy in which safeguards are needed to ensure that the many does not abuse power and violate the rights of the few.
Government The means by which authority and power are organized to accomplish the collective goals of a society.
Economy The means by which goods and services are owned, produced, distributed, and consumed within a society.
Pillars of Democracy Freedom of the individual Equality Under Law Consent of the Governed Majority Rule Minority Rights Compromise Citizenship
Constitutional Democracy A government where people hold power, but laws and principles are codified in writing.
Individual Freedom A pillar of democracy in which people possess natural rights - Life, Liberty, and Property - that are beyond the influence of a government.
Equality Under Law A pillar of democracy in which a person cannot be denied legal protections regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, etc.
Representative Democracy When laws are decided by those who are elected by the people.
Karl Marx Father of Socialism and Communism who wrote the Communist Manifesto.
Adam Smith Economist who argued that when individuals can freely produce and exchange goods prosperity is created for all.
Friedrich Hayek Economist who argued that limited government intervention in markets increases innovation, enterprise, and productivity.
John Maynard Keynes Economist who argued that government intervention through spending is necessary for economic stability.
Milton Friedman Economist who argued that argued that governments should focus on a stable money supply rather than intervention - Monetarism.
Dictatorship An authoritarian government where all power and control is possessed by a single person or a small group.
Market Economy When production, distribution, and consumption in society is determined by the forces of supply and demand.
Created by: MHSGovernment
Popular American Government sets

 

 



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