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anatomy
week 6-12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| the shape of the DNA molecule | a double spiral or double helix |
| The DNA molecule has four different kinds of nucleotides | adenine or guanine (purine bases) or cytosine or thymine (pyrimidine bases) |
| obligatory base pairing | Adenine always goes with thymine (or vice versa, thymine with adenine), and guanine always goes with cytosine (or vice versa) |
| a codon | cytosine–guanine, adenine–thymine, and thymine–adenine. |
| MITOSIS consisting of four distinct phases: | 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase |
| Epithelial tissue, or epithelium, often is subdivided into two types | -(1) membranous (covering or lining) epithelium is often called surface epithelium (2) glandular epithelium. |
| Membranous Epithelium | Four cell shapes, called squamous, cuboidal, colum-nar, and pseudostratified columnar |
| three types of exocrine glands may be identified | 1. Apocrine 2. Holocrine 3. Merocrine |
| Apocrine glands | collect their secretory products near the apical face of the cell and then release them into a duct by pinching a vesicle off the distended end. The milk-producing mammary glands are examples of apocrine-type glands, as are some sweat glands. |
| Holocrine glands | such as the sebaceous glands that produce oil to lubricate the skin—collect their secretory product inside the cell and then rupture completely to release it. |
| Merocrine glands | discharge their secretion product directly through the cell or plasma membrane. The salivary glands are examples of merocrine-type exocrine glands. |
| EPIDERMIS Cell Types | 1. Keratinocytes: filled with a tough, fibrous protein called keratin. 2. Melanocytes: contribute colored pigments to the skin 3. Epidermal dendritic cells (DCs) of the skin, also called Langer-hans cells, are branched cells 4. Tactile epithelial ce |
| Cell Layers | - The stratum basale (literally “base layer”) is a single layer of columnar cells. - Stratum spinosum or “spiny layer” is formed from 8 to 10 layers of irregularly shaped cells with very prominent intercellular bridges, or desmosomes. - Stratum granu |
| Dermis | The dermis, or corium, is sometimes called the “true skin.” It is composed of two layers—a thin papillary layer and a thicker reticular layer. |
| ■ HYPODERMIS | The hypodermis is sometimes called the subcutaneous layer, or superficial fascia The hypodermis is mostly loose fibrous and adipose tissue, along with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. |
| The skull consists of two major divisions: the cranium, or brain case, and the face. | - The cranium (8) - the face (14) |
| The cranium (8) All the cranial bones are single (unpaired) except for the parietal and temporal bones | the frontal Parietal (2) Temporal (2) Occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid |
| the face (14) all the facial bones are paired except for the mandible and vomer. | Maxillae (2), zygomatic (malar), (2) Nasal (2) Mandible, Lacrimal (2) palatine,(2) inferior nasal conchae (turbinates) (2) vomer |
| Vertebral column | Consists of 24 vertebrae plus the sacrum and coccyx 1. Cervical vertebrae, 7 2. Thoracic vertebrae, 12 3. Lumbar vertebrae, 5 4. Sacrum—in adults, results from the fusion of five separate vertebrae 5. Coccyx—in adults, results from the fusion of th |
Created by:
macy5793
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