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Weeks 6-12
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The term _____ is used to describe a muscle that directly performs a specific movement. | agonist |
| The muscle that helps hold the scapula against the thorax and is useful in pushing or punching movements is the | serratus anterior. |
| The muscle fascicle arrangement for Orbicularis oris is best characterized as | circular. |
| The long axes of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle is a description of this type of fascicle arrangement. | parallel |
| Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves. | sensory |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: | nuclei. |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | somatic nervous system. |
| Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? | Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the: | subdural space. |
| The brain has _____ major divisions. | six |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers. | True |
| All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except | they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. |
| Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. | thyroid gland |
| Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? | the thyroid |
| Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? | The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed. |
| Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? | iodine |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. | beta cells |
| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA node. |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin. |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis. |
| _____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens. Inflammatory response | Species resistance |
| Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes? | immunoglobulin M |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are | innate and adaptive immunity. |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called | diapedesis |
| The trachea divides at its lower end into two | primary bronchi. |
| The _____ of each lung lies against the ribs and is rounded to match the contours of the thoracic cavity. | costal surface |
| The surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus is coated with a fluid containing | surfactant. |
| Gas exchange occurs only in the | alveoli. |
| If you were to trace the movement of air through the nose into the pharynx, it would pass through the following structures in which order? | anterior nares, vestibule, meatus, and posterior nares |
| A common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree is | acute bronchitis. |
| An inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that involves the airways of the lungs is called | pneumonia. |
| The small leaf-shaped cartilage that projects upward behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the | epiglottis. |
| The trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs make up the | lower respiratory tract. |
| The roof of the nose is separated from the cranial cavity by a portion of the ethmoid bone called the | cribriform plate. |