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Am. Gov Unit 1
made based on flash cards from online American Government
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Government? | An institution through which society makes and enforces laws. |
| What is a State? | A group of people, living in a defined territory, with a government that makes and enforces laws. |
| What is Sovereignty? | Supreme Power within a territory. |
| What is a Unitary System? | A system where a state has only one government. |
| What is a Federal System? | A system with a strong national government over weak state governments. |
| What is a Confederation? | A system with strong state governments and a weak national government. |
| What is a Monarchy? | A government which is owned by a single individual, through heredity. |
| What is a Republic? | A government which is owned by the people. |
| What is an Absolute Monarchy? | A monarchy where the ruler has absolute power. |
| What is a Limited Monarchy? | A monarch has limited or no power within the government. The monarch has a symbolic office. |
| What is a Theocracy? | The government is defined by the religion of the state. |
| What is a Dictatorship? | A single ruler runs a state, usually by force. |
| What is an Oligarchy? | A government where a small group rules a country. |
| What is a Democracy? | The citizens has the power to rule a state. |
| What is a Direct Democracy? | All citizens have a direct vote for all laws. |
| What is a Representative Democracy? | Citizens elect representatives to make their laws. |
| What is autocratic rule? | Rule by one person. |
| What is democratic rule? | Rule by all the people. |
| What is Force Theory? | Rule by force. |
| What is Divine Right Theory? | God or gods gave rulers the right to rule the people. |
| What is Natural Law Theory? | Only an small, elite group should have the right to rule the country. |
| What is Social Contract Theory? | Government is established by the people through written law. |
| What civilization first developed democracy? | Greeks |
| What civilization started direct democracy? | Greeks |
| What civilization adopted representative democracy? | Romans |
| What did the Dark Ages, or Middle Ages, do to the development of Democracy? | A period of decline for democracy. |
| What was the impact of the Renaissance on the development of Democracy? | The concept of Democracy was reintroduced into Europe |
| What was the impact of the European Enlightenment on the development of democracy? | Using reason, ideas about the role of government changed the face of Europe. |
| What were the ideas of Machiavelli? | Believed in strong government that could do anything in order to maintain power. |
| What were the ideas of Thomas Hobbes? | Believed in strong government with a king, given a mandate from God, who would rule. |
| What were the ideas of John Locke? | Government should protect people's life, liberty and property. These are natural rights. |
| What were the ideas of Rousseau? | Believed that the people should make their own laws for themselves. |
| What were the ideas of Montesquieu? | Creating three separate and equal branches of government |
| What are the significant details of the Magna Carta? | First English document to take power away from the King. |
| What are the significant details of the Petition of Right? | Enhanced the principle of Due Process. |
| What are the significant details of the Habeas Corpus Act? | Strengthen the right of a citizen to have the courts review the lawfulness of detentions by government authorities |
| What are the significant details of the English Bill of Rights? | Freedom to petition and no cruel or unusual punishments |
| What are the significant details of the Mayflower Compact? | First governing document in the New World from England. |
| What are the significant details of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? | First written Constitution in the New World. |
| What are the significant details of the Virginia Declaration of Rights? | Many of the freedoms found in the First Amendment of the United States Constitution |
| What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence? | It finalized the break from England. |
| Who is the author of the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What was necessary for the Declaration to be approved? | A unanimous vote of all the colonies |
| Where was the Declaration of Independence written? | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| What was the date of American Independence? | July 4, 1776 |
| What were the original 13 colonies? | New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia |
| What is the name of the representative body of ancient Rome? | The Senate |
| What was the "Shot Heard 'Round the World?" | Beginning of the American Revolution |
| Where was the "Shot Heard 'Round the World?" | Lexington and Concord |
| What were the purpose and goals of the Second Continental Congress? | Appoint George Washington as Commander-in-Chief, Declare independence, and establish the Articles of Confederation |
| What was the name of Thomas Paine's publication calling for Independence? | Common Sense |
| What is a Military Junta? | A government that is run my the military. |
| What is an Illiberal Democracy? | A government formed by elections, but the people lack civil liberties. |
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