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Chapter 1
People, Politics, and Participation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| politics | the process of governing that involves deciding who gets societal benefits and power and who does not |
| efficacy | a person's belief that they have the ability to achieve change through participating in their governmental processes |
| civic engagement | actions, whether by individuals or groups that identify and address public concern issues |
| political engagement | actions intended to solve public problems through political means |
| government | the institution responsible for creating and implementing policies and laws to guide the nation and its citizenry |
| citizens | members of the nation who enjoy the rights, privileges, and responsibilities that go along with being a member of that nation |
| naturalization | the process of becoming a citizen by means other than birth |
| legitimacy | a quality conferred on government by citizens who believe that the government's exercise of power is right and proper |
| public goods | commodities that are available to all and benefit all members of society, typically paid through public taxation |
| monarchy | a type of government in which a member of a royal family is the Head of State, with or without actual governing power |
| oligarchy | a type of government in which an elite few hold power |
| democracy | a type of government where the citizens hold governance power |
| autocracy | a type of government where one person holds the power |
| totalitarian | a governmental system that controls every aspect of their citizen's lives and the country in general |
| authoritarian | a governmental system where the government controls most, but not all of, the citizens' lives and country in general |
| constitutionalism | a governmental system that is structured by laws |
| limited government | government can only do what the law states it can do |
| divine right of kings | monarchies could rule absolutely because it is God's will s/he should be in charge |
| social contract | the people and their leaders create a contract whereby the people give up some of their liberties so their other liberties are better protected |
| natural law | standards that govern human behavior are powers every human has because they are human |
| popular sovereignty | governmental theory people create their government and adequate governance depends on the people for the authority to rule |
| social contract theory | idea individuals have free will, and every individual is equally empowered with the God-given right of self-determination and ability to consent to be governed |
| direct democracy | governmental structure where citizens discuss and decide policy through majority rule |
| representative democracy | a system of government where citizens elect people to decide policies on behalf of their constituents |
| constituents | the people who are represented by an elected politician |
| political culture | people's collective beliefs and attitudes about government and political processes |
| liberty | freedom from governmental interference and the freedom to pursue happiness |
| capitalism | an economic system in which the means of producing wealth are privately owned and operated in order to produce profits |
| property | anything that can be owned |
| statism | a concentration of power in the state (government) at the expense of individual freedom |
| consent of the governed | idea that in a democracy, the government's power derives from the consent of the people |
| majority rule | only policies with 50 percent plus one vote are enacted, and only candidates that win 50 percent plus one vote are elected |
| political ideology | an integrated system of ideas or beliefs about political values in general and the role of government in particular |
| liberalism | an ideology that advocates change in the social, political, and economic realms to better protect the well-being of individuals and to produce equality within society |
| conservatism | an ideology that advocates for emphasizes preserving tradition and relying on community and family as mechanisms of continuity in society |
| socialism | an ideology that advocates economic equality, theoretically achieved by having the government or workers own the means of production whether business or industry |
| libertarianism | an ideology whose advocates believe that government should take a "hands off" approach in most matters |
| progressives | a faction within the Democratic Party who emphasize the need for societal reform that results in greater economic and social equality |
| demographics | characteristics of the American people in terms of race, sex, educational attainment and other characteristics |
Created by:
abuice
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