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Reconstruction
The Period of Time After the Civil War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the 13th Amendment do? | abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States |
| What was in President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan? | new state constitution, elect a new state government, repeal their act of secession, cancel war debts, and ratify the 13th Amendment |
| What did the Freedmen's Bureau do? | established to assist newly emancipated citizens, provided food, housing, and medical care, built schools |
| What were Black Codes? | laws used in the South to control free African American citizens; often re-used laws that restricted slaves |
| 13th Amendment - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| Freedmen's Bureau - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| Black Codes - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback |
| What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 do? | law declaring newly freed persons are full citizens; Johnson vetoed, but was overridden |
| What does the 14th Amendment do? | Constitutionally, all persons born in the United States are citizens and no state can deny citizens equal protection under the law |
| What did the Military Reconstruction Act do? | the South was divided into five military districts; only Southerners loyal to the U.S. could vote and hold office; all Confederates were barred from voting |
| Why was President Johnson impeached? | charged with violating the law when he fired a federal official; also charged with “disgrace & scandal” as president (He & Congress did not get along. Congress thought he was too easy on the South.) |
| What was sharecropping? | old plantations were divided into small plots which were rented; the cost of the rent was a “share” of the crops; this was a scam that trapped people into a cycle of poverty |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| 14th amendment - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| Military Reconstruction Act - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| Andrew Johnson's Impeachment - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| sharecropping - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback |
| Who were scalawags & carpetbaggers? | derogatory terms for white Southerners who stayed loyal to the Union and for whites who moved to the South from the North |
| What does the 15th Amendment do? | citizen’s right to vote could not be denied on account of race, color, or previous servitude |
| What was required in the new state constitutions in the South? | guaranteed the right to vote to every adult male, ended debtors prison, established the first public schools in the South |
| At what level of government did African Americans get elected during Reconstruction? | All levels (local, county, state, and national). At the national level there were 20 representatives and 2 senators. |
| 15th amendment - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| New State Constitutions in the South - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| African American office holders - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| What did racial terrorists like the KKK do? | Used violence, threat of violence, and intimidation to keep African Americans from voting or holding office |
| What did the Enforcement Acts do? | Congress passed these laws to combat the terrorism against African Americans; Grant sent troops to make sure laws were followed |
| What did the Amnesty Act of 1872 do? | Law that forgave the past offenses of being in the Confederacy. This allowed former Confederates to vote again |
| What was the Compromise of 1877? | After the disputed election, Hayes became president, agrees to let the South control their own state governments, and removes federal troops from the South. |
| Racial terrorism (KKK) - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback |
| Enforcement Acts - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement |
| Amnesty Act of 1872 - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback |
| Compromise of 1877 - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback |
| What were poll taxes? | imposed in the South, people had to pay a high tax in order to vote; many whites were excused from this tax because their fathers or grandfathers had voted in the past |
| What were literacy tests used for in voting? | people had to prove they could read and write in order to vote; many tests were rigged by giving black voters harder tests impossible to pass |
| What were Jim Crow laws? | laws that enforced racial segregation in the South |
| What was the decision of case Plessy v. Ferguson? | Racial segregation was challenged in the Supreme Court in 1896. It decided that no rights are violated if separated facilities were equal in quality (“Separate but equal”). |
| Poll taxes - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setbact |
| Literacy tests for voting - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback |
| Jim Crow laws - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback |
| Plessy v. Ferguson - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback |
| True or False? Black Codes helped newly emancipated African Americans citizens learn new skills for new jobs. | False |
| True or False? Black Codes denied civil rights to African Americans. | True |
| True or False? Southerners reused old laws that existed to restrict enslaved persons when creating Black Codes. | True |
| True or False? The purpose of Black Codes was to control free African Americans in the South. | True |
| True or False? Sharecropping was done on former plantations in the South | True |
| True or False? Sharecropping put people in an endless cycle of poverty. | True |
| True or False? Sharecropping was a profitable way to economic independence. | False |
| True or False? Sharecropping was a method to pay rent by giving a share of the crops grown. | True |
| True or False? Most African Americans were Republicans after the Civil War. | True |
| True or False? After Reconstruction, African Americans moved North to leave behind racism and poverty in the South. | True |
| True or False? After Reconstruction, African Americans moved West to seek better opportunities and equal treatment. | True |
| True or False? After Reconstruction, African Americans who stayed in the South formed tight knit communities that supported business and education. | True |
| True or False? Today, Americans still feel the effects of the decisions made during Reconstruction. | True |
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MrsT_History
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