The Period of Time After the Civil War
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| What does the 13th Amendment do? | abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States
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| What was in President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan? | new state constitution, elect a new state government, repeal their act of secession, cancel war debts, and ratify the 13th Amendment
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| What did the Freedmen's Bureau do? | established to assist newly emancipated citizens, provided food, housing, and medical care, built schools
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| What were Black Codes? | laws used in the South to control free African American citizens; often re-used laws that restricted slaves
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| 13th Amendment - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| Freedmen's Bureau - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| Black Codes - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback
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| What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 do? | law declaring newly freed persons are full citizens; Johnson vetoed, but was overridden
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| What does the 14th Amendment do? | Constitutionally, all persons born in the United States are citizens and no state can deny citizens equal protection under the law
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| What did the Military Reconstruction Act do? | the South was divided into five military districts; only Southerners loyal to the U.S. could vote and hold office; all Confederates were barred from voting
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| Why was President Johnson impeached? | charged with violating the law when he fired a federal official; also charged with “disgrace & scandal” as president (He & Congress did not get along. Congress thought he was too easy on the South.)
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| What was sharecropping? | old plantations were divided into small plots which were rented; the cost of the rent was a “share” of the crops; this was a scam that trapped people into a cycle of poverty
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| Civil Rights Act of 1866 - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| 14th amendment - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| Military Reconstruction Act - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| Andrew Johnson's Impeachment - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| sharecropping - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback
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| Who were scalawags & carpetbaggers? | derogatory terms for white Southerners who stayed loyal to the Union and for whites who moved to the South from the North
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| What does the 15th Amendment do? | citizen’s right to vote could not be denied on account of race, color, or previous servitude
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| What was required in the new state constitutions in the South? | guaranteed the right to vote to every adult male, ended debtors prison, established the first public schools in the South
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| At what level of government did African Americans get elected during Reconstruction? | All levels (local, county, state, and national). At the national level there were 20 representatives and 2 senators.
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| 15th amendment - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| New State Constitutions in the South - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| African American office holders - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| What did racial terrorists like the KKK do? | Used violence, threat of violence, and intimidation to keep African Americans from voting or holding office
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| What did the Enforcement Acts do? | Congress passed these laws to combat the terrorism against African Americans; Grant sent troops to make sure laws were followed
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| What did the Amnesty Act of 1872 do? | Law that forgave the past offenses of being in the Confederacy. This allowed former Confederates to vote again
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| What was the Compromise of 1877? | After the disputed election, Hayes became president, agrees to let the South control their own state governments, and removes federal troops from the South.
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| Racial terrorism (KKK) - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback
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| Enforcement Acts - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Positive advancement
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| Amnesty Act of 1872 - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback
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| Compromise of 1877 - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback
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| What were poll taxes? | imposed in the South, people had to pay a high tax in order to vote; many whites were excused from this tax because their fathers or grandfathers had voted in the past
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| What were literacy tests used for in voting? | people had to prove they could read and write in order to vote; many tests were rigged by giving black voters harder tests impossible to pass
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| What were Jim Crow laws? | laws that enforced racial segregation in the South
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| What was the decision of case Plessy v. Ferguson? | Racial segregation was challenged in the Supreme Court in 1896. It decided that no rights are violated if separated facilities were equal in quality (“Separate but equal”).
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| Poll taxes - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setbact
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| Literacy tests for voting - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback
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| Jim Crow laws - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback
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| Plessy v. Ferguson - Positive advancement OR Negative setback? | Negative setback
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| True or False? Black Codes helped newly emancipated African Americans citizens learn new skills for new jobs. | False
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| True or False? Black Codes denied civil rights to African Americans. | True
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| True or False? Southerners reused old laws that existed to restrict enslaved persons when creating Black Codes. | True
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| True or False? The purpose of Black Codes was to control free African Americans in the South. | True
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| True or False? Sharecropping was done on former plantations in the South | True
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| True or False? Sharecropping put people in an endless cycle of poverty. | True
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| True or False? Sharecropping was a profitable way to economic independence. | False
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| True or False? Sharecropping was a method to pay rent by giving a share of the crops grown. | True
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| True or False? Most African Americans were Republicans after the Civil War. | True
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| True or False? After Reconstruction, African Americans moved North to leave behind racism and poverty in the South. | True
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| True or False? After Reconstruction, African Americans moved West to seek better opportunities and equal treatment. | True
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| True or False? After Reconstruction, African Americans who stayed in the South formed tight knit communities that supported business and education. | True
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| True or False? Today, Americans still feel the effects of the decisions made during Reconstruction. | True
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