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Semester 3 Midterm
Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what type of cells make up the islands or nodules inside the lymph node sinuses? | macrophages and other specialized immune cells |
| What stage of tissue healing is marked by an increase in the number of fibrocytes and decrease in the number of leukocytes? | Subacute |
| What is the difference between an embolism and a thrombus? | A thrombus is a lodged obstruction and embolism has traveled from elsewhere |
| How does the combination of Swedish massage strokes and petrissage and effleurage help reduce traumatic edema? | By shifting interstitial fluid into undamaged areas with more blood and lymph vessels |
| (T/F) Antibodies are plasma proteins that bind to a specific antigen and neutralize it. | True |
| What is the fastest route for removing edema from the ankle? | direct it into the popliteal catchments |
| (T/F) 10% of capillary filtrate is the obligatory load for the lymphatic system | True |
| (T/F) Natural killer cells are lymphocytes involved in specific immune defenses. | False |
| What is the best description of anaphylaxis? | a body wide allergic reaction leading to hypotension |
| Which type of lymphatic vessel is the largest? | lymphatic ducts |
| What is the best description of an autoimmune disease? | a condition in which the immune system attacks some part of the body as if it were a foreign invader |
| Examples of secondary lymphoid tissues and organs include lymph nodes and spleen, plus: | tonsils and Peyer Patches |
| (T/F) Immunoglobulins (antibodies) are the most abundant plasma proteins. | False |
| (T/F) Neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils are all granular leukocytes | True |
| which of these antimicrobial proteins prevents bacterial proliferation by binding with the iron in body cells so it is not available to the microbe? | transferrin's |
| What are the key structural features of lymphangia that support their function? | one way valves and spiral smooth muscle in the vessel wall |
| Arterial flow and pulse have a major influence on lymph flow through which portion of the lymph system? | collecting trunks |
| What is an anastomosis? | A group of collecting capillaries situated along the watershed lines |
| Which is a non specific immune system response? | intact skin repels invading pathogens |
| The key structural features that allow initial vessels to take in interstitial fluid include their measurement at one epithelial cell thick, their slight overlapping arrangement like fish scales and : | an anchor filament extending into the interitem that opens the flap to allow fluid to enter |
| what is the "normal" blood pressure reading for an average sized adult? | 120/80 |
| What percentage of total capillary filtrate is reabsorbed into the cardiovascular capillaries? | 90% |
| What are the 3 defining characteristics of the specific immune responses? | specificity, lymphocyte responses, creates memory |
| What blood vessels connect the larger types of blood vessels? | capillaries |
| What catchment do lymphotomies on the lateral arm empty into? | terminus |
| (T/F) Cell mediated immunity is also called humoral immunity? | False |
| (T/F) Inflammation, fever and the actions of internal antimicrobial proteins are examples of our body's specific immune response? | False |
| What is the name of the capillary pathway that allows blood to pass straight thru when metabolic need is low? | thoroughfare channel |
| Client had Hodgkin lymphoma 4 years ago. Treatment was successful and now she is healthier and more active than she was before she was diagnosed. She recently hurt her back while gardening and would like to receive massage. What is your best strategy. | At this point, her cancer is not a pertinent issue; if you can determine that her bone density is healthy, she is a good candidate for any kind of massage therapy that might help with her back pain |
| (T/F) All forms of manual therapy are safe and effective treatments for lymphoma? | False |
| This chamber is responsible for pushing deoxygenated blood to the lungs. What is it? | right ventricle |
| (T/F) Lymph from the gluteal and lower abdominal regions flow into the cisterna chyli? | False |
| What is the best description of an allergy? | an immune system response to a trigger that is not potentially dangerous |
| When tissue is damaged, the chemicals released to support the inflammation process include histamines, complement factors and: | leukotrienes and prostaglandins |
| The respiratory pump created by breathing has its strongest influence on what portion of blood flow? | venous flow thru the ventral cavities |
| Which of the following is the best description of lymph flow? | movement of fluid inside the lymph vessel network and returning lymph to the blood |
| Chemical barriers of the body include the pH of the skin and: | acidity of gastric juices |
| (T/F) A watershed is a structural barrier that divides the body into several independent drainage regions. | False |
| What are the driving forces for arterial blood flow? | Force of cardiac contraction and arterial recoil |
| A group of lymphatic vessels that drain lymph from a specific region of the body into a specific catchment is called: | lymphotome |
| In order for capillary filtration to occur, the ______________ must be higher than the interstitial oncotic pressure. | capillary fluid pressure |
| Edema at the right scapula will naturally drain into what structure | right axillary catchment |
| (T/F) When lymph passes through a node, it is filtered of impurities and enriched with special immune cells | True |
| (T/F) The most concentrated regions of ligand receptor sites are in the limbic system of the brain. | True |
| what happens to antigens when antibodies attach to them? | they are rendered ineffective |
| What is the trigger for the formation of the blood clot? | a rough spot in endothelium or an area where blood does not flow quickly |
| What blood vessels always carry blood away from the heart? | arteries |
| (T/F) The application of manual lymphatic techniques, plus pulse rate and the skeletal muscle pump are all considered external forces that facilitate lymph flow. | True |
| If a person has ankylosing spondylitis, he is at increased risk for.... | osteoporosis, pneumonia, heart failure |
| (T/F) When a baby receives antibodies through breastfeeding it is called naturally acquired active immunity? | False |
| (T/F) The initial vessels of the lymphatic network are located in the epidermis of the skin? | False |
| What term correctly identifies edema caused by obesity, hypertension, venous insufficiency and pregnancy? | dynamic edema |
| client comes for his regular bimonthly massage, but he is limping. his foot is hot, red and swollen and streaks appear to be developing us his leg. he's hoping a massage will help with the aching and illness he feels today. What is your best option? | refuse to do the session, and insist that he see a doctor right away |
| Which of the following statements best describes the functions of a lymph node? | filters lymph of impurities and acts as primary site for immune responses |
| What is the term for capillary exchange process where nutrients and fluid flow out of blood and into the interstitium? | filtration |
| Which of these changes would cause blood pressure to decrease? | lying down for an hour |
| What is the name for the lympho-venous junction where fluid is returned to the cardiovascular system? | terminus |
| What is the other term for the subacute phase of tissue healing? | proliferative Phase |
| How does the circulatory system help to maintain a stable internal temperature? | capillary dilation and constriction |
| (T/F) Cross fiber friction is applies to healing tissue in order to mechanically realign collagen fibers? false | False |
| Fluid or edema uptake depends on what 2 factors? | negative pressure inside the lymphatic network and opening the epithelial flaps of the initial vessel with light stretch |
| Which form of edema develops as a sequel to cancer treatments that damage or remove lymph nodes? | secondary lymphodema |
| (T/F) All forms of edema are the result of capillary filtration far exceeding capillary reabsorption. | True |
| Which of these statements best describes the function of the cistern chyli? | a collecting well for the lymph that propels fluid through the thoracic duct when squeezed. |
| (T/F) Histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes are chemicals released when tissue is damaged to support vasodilation and increase capillary permeability | True |
| (T/F) Once plasma proteins have entered the interstitium, they cannot be reabsorbed into cardiovascular capillaries and must be removed by the lymphatic system. | True |
| (T/F)The best indicators that an injury is in the acute phase of healing are the amount of swelling and pain. false | False |
| (T/F) both the medial and lateral arm watersheds carry lymph into the axillary catchment. | False |
| (T/F) Blood flow though the veins relies on the one way valves and venous recoil. | False |
| why is having a fever a good thing? | high temperature alters our metabolism to help the immune system fight off pathogens more efficiently |
| What is the best description of lymphoma? | a blood cancer that begins with mutations in lymphatic tissues |
| The cells, tissues and organs of which 2 body systems carry out most of the immune responses in the body? | circulatory and lymphatic |
| Which is a specific immune system response? | antibodies attach to their target and disable it |
| In psychoneuroimmunology, the group of short-chained amino acids that communicate and stimulate cells by binding with receptors of on the plasma membrane are collectively referred to as: | ligands |
| What is the function of primary lymphoid tissues? | produce lymphocytes |
| What is the most common form of hemophilia? | Type A |
| What type of hemophilia occurs in women as often as in men? | von Willdebrand disease |
| What kind of "foreign substances" are in the lymph obligatory load? | dust, pollen and bacteria |
| (T/F) The cardiovascular system plays a central role in supporting the body as it heals from injury, fights disease and maintains homeostasis? | True |
| Which secondary lymphoid organ serves as a major storage site for lymphocytes and platelets, plus filters particles and pathogens out of blood? | Spleen |
Created by:
JML19
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