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elections & p.s
elections & political socialization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| liberal ideology | advocates for government action in protecting and enhancing the freedom of the individual |
| conservative ideology | advocate for preservation of personal wealth and private ownership (capitalism) and emphasize self-reliance and individualism |
| libertarian ideology | wishes to maximize the personal liberty on both economic and social issues. prefers small, weak government that has limited control over economy or personal lives |
| winner-take-all voting | a party must win the plurality of the votes to get any representation |
| party-line voting | voting only for candidates of a given party |
| prospective voting | voting based on what a candidate states they will do |
| retrospective voting | voting based upon a candidate's past actions |
| proportional voting | a party gains representation based on the proportion of votes it wins |
| rational choice voting | voting based upon what is in an individual's best interest |
| issue network | an alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a common cause or agenda in a way that influences government policy |
| iron triangle | a mutually beneficial three way relationship between congress, government, bureaucrats, and special interest lobby groups |
| mass survey | traditional poll |
| benchmark or tracking polls | continuous surveys of a consistent group that enable a campaign or news organization to chart a candidate's daily rise or fall in support |
| opinion polls | interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population |
| entrance and exit polls | election related questions asked of voters right before or right after they vote |
| identification of respondents | how they find and determine who gets surveyed |
| focus group | small group of people who are asked about candidates and issues in a discussion |
| sampling error | the difference between results of random samples taken at the same time |
| bandwagon effect | a shift in electoral support to the candidate whom public opinion polls report as the front runner |
| horse races | based more on popularity and factors other than qualifications and platforms of candidates |
| globalization | absorbing the values of other countries |
| life cycle effects | changes in opinions or patterns of behavior that occur among most people at major point of their life like marriage, parenthood, or retirement |
| generational effect | a long-lasting effect of the events of a particular time on the political opinions of those who came of political age at that time |
| caucus | a system of local gatherings where voters decide which candidate to support and select delegates for nominating conventions |
| open primary | a primary election in which voters can vote for candidates from any party they choose |
| closed primary | a primary election in which voters must first declare to which party they belong |
| incumbency advantage phenomenon | incumbents usually win because of easier access to money, franking privileges, name recognition, etc.) |
Created by:
toryhur
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