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Exam 3-2 A & P
Lymphatic and Immune System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what percentage of total capillary filtrate is reabsorbed into the cardiovascular capillaries? | 90% |
| summarize the key functional distinction between the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems? | cardiovascular is fluid delivery and return, and lymphatic is return only |
| why is it important for all manual therapists to fully understand the lymphatic system's fluid return process? | we need to be able to recognize different forms of edema and know the indications and contraindications for manual therapy |
| similar to plasma, lymph fluid fluid is mostly made up of what two substances? | water and electrolytes |
| what are the key structural features of lymphangia that support their function? | one-way valves and spiral smooth muscle in the vessel wall |
| which lymphatic vessels do NOT have one-way valves? | initial and collecting capillaries |
| fluid and edema uptake depends on what two factors? | negative pressure inside the lymphatic network and opening the epithelial flaps of the initial vessel with light stretch |
| Arterial flow and pulse have a major influence on lymph flow through which portion of the lymph system? | collecting trunks |
| what structure must all lymph from the lower extremity pass through before entering the thoracic duct? | cisterna chyli |
| What term correctly identifies edema caused by obesity, hypertension, venous insufficiency, and pregnancy? | dynamic edema |
| Both the initial vessels and collecting capillaries have anchor filaments that hold them in the tissue. (T/F) | false |
| The term lymphedema only applies to swelling caused by a failure in the lymphatic system. (T/F) true | True |
| the normal contractile rate of lymphangia is about half of the normal heart rate, or 30-40 contractions per minute. (T/F) | False |
| lymph fluid is returned to cardiovascular flow in the jugular veins. (T/F) | False |
| The lumen of the lymphatic initial vessel is smaller than the cardiovascular capillaries. (T/F) | False |
| edema caused by hypertension is an example of dynamic edema. (T/F) | True |
| an accurate representation of beliefs about health and immunity from a traditional Chinese medicine perspective is that health is a product of balanced and free flowing life force or qi. (T/F) | True |
| what is the function of primary lymphoid tissues? | production of the lymphocytes |
| an immune response that is neither stimulated by, nor directed toward, any single type of pathogen is called what? | nonspecific or innate defenses |
| chemotaxis of phagocytes and NK cells is an important process of the general immune defense of inflammation. (T/F) | True |
| which lymphocytes are involved in antibody-mediated immunes response? | B lymphocytes |
| what happens to antigens when antibodies attach to them? | they are rendered ineffective |
| what type of lymphocytes are the ones primarily responsible for the cell-mediated immune response? | all T cells |
| the higher the incidence of cancer and other malignancies in the older population can be partially attributed to what immune system changes? | decreased number and activity of NK cells |
| in psychoneuroimmunology, the group of short-chain amino acids that communicate and stimulate cells by binding with receptors on the plasma membrane are collectively referred to as: | ligands |
| another term for nonspecific immune defense is innate immunity. (T/F) | True |
| memory B cells require an introduction to the antigen by antigen-presenting cells to become activated. (T/F) | False |
| cytotoxic T cells release cell-signaling molecules called cytokines to activate NK cells. (T/F) | False |
| recent fascial research and PNI provide supportive data for the physiologic links between the immune response and our emotions and thoughts. (T/F) | True |
| memory T cells function is the same way as memory B cells; by remembering a particular antigen. (T/F) | True |
| what is the best description of lymphoma? | a blood cancer that begins with mutations in lymphatic tissue |
| what happens in the process of lymphoma? | lymph nodes fill with nonfunctioning white blood cells |
| 73-year-old man who has recently been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. his prognosis is unclear, but so far, the disease is not responding well to treatment. what is a reasonable suggestion for what massage therapy might bring to his experience? | massage therapy has been seen to help with anxiety, depression, and pain due to cancer; .... disease, but it can make living with it a littler easier |
| what is the main causative factor for ankylosing spondylitis? | a genetic anomaly is a frequent factor but is not present in every case |
| ankylosing spondylitis usually begins as pain and stiffness in the low back. from there the disease progresses to affect... | higher levels of the spine |
Created by:
JML19
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