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HLHS101 Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction |
| Acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids |
| Albumin | protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood |
| Aldosterone | Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions and water |
| Alkalosis | The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids. |
| Anaphylactic Reactions | Hypersensitive condition induced by contact with certain antigens. |
| antibodies | Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents |
| Antigens | Foreign material that invades the body |
| Aorta | Largest artery in the body |
| Artificial active | vaccination |
| Atrophy | to waste away |
| Auscultation | Listening with a stethoscope |
| Basophil | A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine. |
| Bilirubin | pigment released by the liver in bile |
| Blood Pressure | the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels |
| Cardiac Muscle | Muscle of the heart |
| Cardinal signs if inflammation | redness ,warmth, swelling, pain, and loss of function |
| Cellular immunity | immune response that relies on T cells to destroy infected body cells |
| Colostrum | thin, yellow fluid, precursor of milk, secreted for a few days after birth |
| Components of blood plasma | Yellow fluid, Transport dissolved food molecules, CO2 urea, Mainly water |
| Coronary Artery disease | disease of the arteries surrounding the heart |
| Cranial Nerve the regulates heart rate | Vagus |
| cyte (word root) | |
| Deficiency of ? associated with night blindness | vitamin A |
| Depressor Anguli Oris muscle | depresses corner of mouth |
| Detrusor | smooth muscle of the bladder |
| Diabetes mellitus signs and symptoms | Type 1- Polyuria, polydipsia, glycosuria, polyphagia, weight loss. Vision loss, loss of sensation in extremities, reproductive complications. Sudden symptoms Type 2- Depends on severity. May have similar symptoms or may be asymptomatic. |
| Dorsal pedal Artery | dorsal artery of the foot; continuation of the anterior tibial artery at the ankle |
| Dorsiflexion | bending of the foot or the toes upward |
| Embolus | moving blood clot |
| Emphysema | A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties. |
| Enzymes | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| Erthema | Swelling and red discoloration of the skin |
| Erythocytes | red blood cells |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis | hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| Erythropoietin released by liver and... | kidney |
| Esosinophil | a white blood cell that stains bright red is called |
| Essential nutrients | nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food |
| Extracellular fluid | fluid outside the cell |
| Fertilization occurs where | fallopian tubes |
| Fetus | 9 weeks to birth |
| First heart sound | lub, closing of AV valves |
| Functions of blood | transportation, regulation, protection |
| Gallbladder | stores bile |
| Gastrocnemius muscle | Calf muscle |
| Glomerular Filtration Rate | amount of filtrate formed in all the renal corpuscles of both kidneys each minute |
| Gluconeogenesis | formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources |
| Growth Hormone function | stimulates growth |
| Heat Exhaustion | a form of physical stress on the body caused by overheating |
| Hematoma | tumor of blood |
| Hemoglobin | Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells |
| Hormone releases in response to drop in blood calcium levels | parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| Hormone that stimulates contraction of the uterus | oxytocin |
| Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) | Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone produced by an embryo following implantation. The hormone helps maintain the uteral lining during pregnancy |
| Hydrochloric Acid | substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food |
| Hydrophilic | Attracted to water |
| Incus | anvil; middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear |
| Ketoacidosis | excessive production of ketones, making the blood acidic |
| Left ventricle | pumps oxygenated blood to the body |
| Ligaments | Connect bone to bone |
| Lipid absorption | Lacteals in small intestine absorb dietary lipids |
| Malleus | hammer; first of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear |
| Medullary Cavity | marrow cavity |
| Monocyte | a large phagocytic white blood cell with a simple oval nucleus and clear, grayish cytoplasm. |
| Multiple Sclerosis | myelin sheath destruction. disruptions in nerve impulse conduction |
| Negative feedback | a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus |
| Neutral pH | pH of 7 |
| Neutrophil | leukocyte formed in bone marrow |
| Nociceptors | pain receptors |
| Occipital lobe of brain | vision |
| Pancrease | insulin and glucagon |
| Pharynx | throat |
| Pia Mater | Innermost layer of the meninges |
| Pineal Gland | melatonin |
| Positive feedback | Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output. |
| Pyloric sphincter | Controls passage of food from stomach to small intestine |
| Renal Pelvis | central collecting region in the kidney |
| Right atrium | Receives deoxygenated blood from the body |
| SA node | pacemaker of the heart |
| Seminiferous tubules | site of sperm production |
| Senescence | process of aging |
| Spleen | Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells |
| Stages of hemostasis | 1. Vessel spasm, formation of platelet plug, blood coagulation, clot retraction, clot dissolution |
| Stapes | stirrup |
| Starch digestion begins... | mouth |
| Syphilis | an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete |
| Systemic circulation (circuit) | path of blood from left ventricle to body and back to heart |
| Thoracic vertebrae | T1 |
| Tibia | shin bone |
| Trapezius muscle | moves the head and shoulder blade |
| passive immunity | the short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal. |
| Label: Right/Left Atria; Right/Left ventricles | |
| Identify: Coronal, Sagittal, Transverse Planes | |
| Adenocarcinoma | A cancer arising from glandular epithelial cells. |
| Anticoagulant | Substance that prevents clotting. |
| Arteriosclerosis | Hardening of the arteries. |
| Atherosclerosis | Atheroma (plaque) in arteries. |
| Cerebral aneurysm | the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain |
| Cerebral arteriosclerosis | the hardening of an artery in the brain |
| Cerebral atherosclerosis | the hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the urinary bladder. |
| Dementia | Chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of intellectual and mental functions |
| Elliptocyte | oval |
| Gastroenterologist | medical specialist in gastroenterology |
| General anesthetic | anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness |
| Glycolysis | breakdown of sugar |
| Gynecomastia | Enlargement of the breast. |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting of red blood |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | a stroke where blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel |
| Hemostatic | drug that stops the flow of blood |
| Hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| Idiopathic | Pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology (cause). |
| Ischemic stroke | a stroke where blood loss is caused by a blockage |
| Laparoscopy | Examination of the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope |
| Leukopenia | A deficient number of white blood cell |
| Local anesthetic | any anesthetic that does not affect consciousness |
| Nephritis | Inflammation of the kidney. |
| Nephropathy | Any disease of the kidney. |
| Normocyte | normal |
| Nystagmus | Fast uncontrollable movements of the eye in any direction |
| Peritoneoscopy | procedure for looking at the peritoneum (abdominal wall and pelvic cavity) |
| Pneumothorax | Air in the pleural cavity of the chest |
| Proctoscopy | Examination of the inside of the anus by endoscopy |
| Regional anesthetic | anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area |
| Reticulocyte | immature red blood cell |
| Sigmoidoscopy | Endoscopic examination of the sigmoid colon. |
| Splenalgia | pain in the spleen |
| Superior Vena Cava | portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms) |
| Thoracentesis | Insertion of a needle into the pleural cavity to withdraw fluid or air. Also called pleural tap. |
| Thrombocyte | Another name for platelet. |
| Thrombolytic | Able to dissolve a thrombus. |
| Topical anesthetic | local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthetized |
| Tracheotomy | Incision made into the trachea to create a tracheostomy |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | mini-stroke caused by the blockage of a blood vessel that resolves (goes away) within 24 hours |
| translation for the root "aden/o" | gland, fat |
| translation for the root "bronchiol/o" | bronchiole |
| translation for the root "cycl/o" | ciliary body |
| translation for the root "enter/o" | intestines |
| translation for the root "femor/o" | femur |
| translation for the root "gyn/o" | woman |
| translation for the root "gynec/o" | woman |
| translation for the root "hemat/o" | blood |
| translation for the root "hyster/o" | uterus |
| translation for the root "lacrim/o" | tear (eyes) |
| translation for the root "lact/o" | milk |
| translation for the root "leuk/o" | white |
| translation for the root "lith/o" | stone |
| translation for the root "lumb/o" | loin, lower back |
| translation for the root "mamm/o" | breast |
| translation for the root "mast/o". | breast |
| translation for the root "metr/o" | uterus |
| translation for the root "my/o" | muscle |
| translation for the root "myring/o" | eardrum |
| translation for the root "nas/o" | nose |
| translation for the root "odont/o" | tooth |
| translation for the root "oophor/o" | ovary |
| translation for the root "phleb/o" | vein |
| translation for the root "pneum/o" | lung or breath |
| translation for the root "proct/o" | anus and rectum |
| translation for the root "pyel/o" | renal pelvis |
| translation for the root "ren/o" | kidney |
| translation for the root "salping/o" | fallopian tube |
| translation for the root "stomat/o" | mouth |
| translation for the root "tars/o" | ankle |
| OD | once daily or right eye |
| BS | breath sounds |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm |
| N & V | nausea and vomiting |
| CS | cesarean section (c |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| TID | three times a day |
| OS | left eye |
| FSB | fresh stillbirth |
| BM | bowel movement |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| IVF | in vitro fertilization |
| NSAID | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| C & S | cultural and sensitivity |
| BX | biopsy |
| OU | both eyes |
| NGT | Nasogastric feeding tube |
| HTN | hypertension |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| LMP | last menstrual period |
| OA | osteoarthritis |
| BID | twice a day |
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